Method for manufacturing an active component of surfactant, surfactant and a method for using the surfactant

ABSTRACT

A provided novel colloid active component, a method for manufacturing colloid aluminum silica gel, and a surfactant containing the same are disclosed for solving water and land pollution, being safe to a human and the ecosystem, and adding economic value and applicability for the industrial use, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (a) dissolving a mixture of aluminum oxide, silicic acid, potassium, iron oxide, sulfuric acid and water into sulfuric acid; (b) adding potassium sulfate solution into the solution, and stirring at a low temperature to produce compositions with soluble aluminum double salt; (c) purifying the compositions to get very pure and dense aluminum potassium sulfate; (d) adding aluminum silicate and water to produce alkali metal polysilicate-sulfate water salt chelate; (e) polymerizing and precipitating the resultant at a low temperature to produce pectograph of aluminum silicate sieve; (f) producing chelate by adding Mgo, Fe 2 O 3 , Ca(OH) 2 , NaOH, KOH, and distilled water in sequence; (g) purifying and drying the chelate to get dried microsphere; (h) melting the microsphere, cooling, hardening, and mixing with thin sulfuric acid; (i) polymerizing, cleansing, heating, dehydrating, or drying, and performing vapor treatment to obtain powdered and highly absorptive aluminum silicate molecular sieve with under 1 μm of granularity; and, (j) polymerizing the aluminum silicate molecular sieves with each other until they are matured to be a highly dense heel.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing anactive component of surfactant, a surfactant containing the same, and amethod for using the surfactant. In particular, the present inventionrelates to a method for manufacturing colloid particles composed ofsilicon oxides having the structural characteristics by calcining at ahigh temperature, a novel colloidal active component of surfactant madeof compounds containing the same, and a method for using the surfactant.

[0003] 2. Background of the Related Art

[0004] An ecological environment for a human, in spite of the variousindustrially developed structures thereof, is now in a danger ofecological crisis due to heavy pollution in rivers and lands caused bychemical abuse, and pollution in the atmosphere caused by harmfulchemicals and products from side reactions. Human beings have enjoyedtheir much success in technical developments for synthesizing ormanufacturing every kind of materials for the convenience of a life.However, they failed to notice the importance ofenvironmentally-friendly technologies and thus, the technologies fordecomposing and recycling wastes have been consequently neglected.

[0005] Among other many well-known pollutants, effluent from surfactantsand detergents are the chief factors in water and land pollution.Typically used detergents contain polypropylene benzene sulfonate typealkyl compounds as a main component (ABS: Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate),which was later discovered to cause very severe water pollution in anecological sense, and further being harmful to a human body. Therefore,linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LABS) soon replaced as an attempt tosolve the water pollution problems. Unfortunately, however, the LABS wasmuch more toxic compared to ABS although it had higher water solubility.Moreover, when used alone, the conventional detergents, e.g., sulfatesor sulfonates, were not very effective as far as the cleansing mechanismis concerned, thus other additives, e.g., a capturing agent, aprecipitation promoter, or a chelating agent had to be added.

[0006] Consequently, the conventional detergents were blamed for causingdermatitis by releasing a great amount of additives, including submicroncalcium carbonate, NTA (nitrilo triacetic acid) containing triple sodiumphosphate, HEDTA (hexamethylene diamine tetraacetic acid), DTPA(dimethylene triamine pentaacetic acid). In addition, they created amain factor in slowing down biological decomposition, i.e., a biologicalstimulant in the water, causing eutrophication, which deterred thewater's self-cleansing action. Overall, they brought a severe pollutionin water and public sanitation.

[0007] As an attempt to solve the problems described above, highlybiodegradable detergents by microorganisms, having fatty acid typesurfactants as a base, were introduced since they are known to have arelatively high safety in ecological prospect. However, the high degreeof biodegradation of detergents was proved to be existing merely intheory, and it was not strong enough or appropriate for the currentenvironment with a number of various nasty pollutants therein. Rather,the detergents play an important role for a polymerization linkage andworsen the pollution also. Interestingly, other developed nations havealready banned or restricted the use of the detergents since it wasdiscovered that the detergents are carsenogenic to a human, and have anestrogenic effect.

[0008] Accordingly, researches have been progressed for developingsurfactants that are ecologically very safe andenvironmentally-friendly, and developing additives or builders that areessential for detergent formulation, but not much success has been made.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a method formanufacturing an active component of surfactant, surfactant and a methodfor using the surfactant that substantially obviate one or more problemsdue to limitations and disadvantages of the related art.

[0010] An object of the present invention is to provide a novel colloidactive component for solving water and land pollution, and at the sametime, being safe to a human and the ecosystem, so that it can be aversatile material in many fields, particularly, adding economic valueand applicability to an industrial use.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to provide a methodfor manufacturing colloid aluminum silica gel, comprising the steps of:

[0012] (a) dissolving a mixing solution of aluminum hydroxide insulfuric acid, wherein the mixture includes aluminum oxide, silicicacid, potassium, iron oxide, sulfuric acid and water;

[0013] (b) adding potassium sulfate solution into the solution from (a),and stirring the mixture at a low temperature to produce compositionscontaining soluble aluminum double salt;

[0014] (c) purifying the compositions of the step (b) to obtain aluminumpotassium sulfate with high purity and density;

[0015] (d) adding aluminum silicate and water to the aluminum potassiumsulfate of the step (c) to produce alkali metal polysilicate-sulfatewater salt chelate;

[0016] (e) polymerizing and precipitating the alkali metalpolysilicate-sulfate water salt chelate at a low temperature to producepectograph of aluminum silicate sieve;

[0017] (f) producing chelate by adding magnesia, iron oxide, calciumhydroxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, and distilled water insequence;

[0018] (g) purifying and drying the chelate of the step (f) to producedried microsphere;

[0019] (h) melting the dried microsphere of the step (g) at a hightemperature, cooling, hardening, and mixing with diluted (thin) sulfuricacid;

[0020] (i) carrying out sequential treatments on the resultant of thestep (h), that is, polymerizing, cleansing, heating, dehydrating, ordrying, and performing vapor treatment, to obtain powder aluminumsilicate molecular sieve with a high absorption of which particle sizeis under 1μ; and,

[0021] (j) polymerizing the aluminum silicate molecular sieves with eachother until they are matured to be a highly dense heel.

[0022] The step (c) can be replaced with a cleansing step, in which thecompositions are continuously heated and stirred, and 0.1% of enzyme byweight is slowly dropped thereto.

[0023] As for the step (d), aluminum sulfate and aluminum silicate canbe mixed at a ratio of 1:3 by weight, and water was added to produce24-water salt alkali metal polysilicate-sulfate chelates.

[0024] In addition, a preferred method for manufacturing theaforementioned colloid aluminum silica gel further comprises a step, inwhich the matured heel from the step (j) passes through an ion-exchangeresin layer several times to produce very pure and consistent colloidaluminum silica gel, and later the consistent colloid is crushed.

[0025] Still another object of the present invention is to provide asurfactant having characteristic of both silica and alumina, being voidof any chemical bond to form polymers by reacting with other moleculesin the ecosystem, having an ability of metal substitution of zeolite ata low temperature, and containing evenly purified colloid aluminumsilica gel having the particle size within a range of from several nm toseveral μm for a diameter.

[0026] Here, the colloid aluminum silica gel can be manufactured by aprocess comprising the steps of:

[0027] (a) dissolving a mixing solution of aluminum hydroxide insulfuric acid, wherein the mixture includes aluminum oxide, silicicacid, potassium, iron oxide, sulfuric acid and water;

[0028] (b) adding potassium sulfate solution into the solution from (a),and stirring the mixture at a low temperature to produce compositionscontaining soluble aluminum double salt;

[0029] (c) purifying the compositions of the step (b) to obtain aluminumpotassium sulfate with high purity and density;

[0030] (d) adding aluminum silicate and water to the aluminum potassiumsulfate of the step (c) to produce alkali metal polysilicate-sulfatewater salt chelate;

[0031] (e) polymerizing and precipitating the alkali metalpolysilicate-sulfate water salt chelate at a low temperature to producepectograph of aluminum silicate sieve;

[0032] (f) producing chelate by adding magnesia, iron oxide, calciumhydroxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, and distilled water insequence;

[0033] (g) purifying and drying the chelate of the step (f) to producedried microsphere;

[0034] (h) melting the dried microsphere of the step (g) at a hightemperature, cooling, hardening, and mixing with diluted (thin) sulfuricacid;

[0035] (i) carrying out sequential treatments on the resultant of thestep (h), that is, polymerizing, cleansing, heating, dehydrating, ordrying, and performing vapor treatment, to obtain powder aluminumsilicate molecular sieve with a high absorption of which particle sizeis under 1μ; and,

[0036] (j) polymerizing the aluminum silicate molecular sieves with eachother until they are matured to be a highly dense heel.

[0037] The steps (c) and (d) are similar to those of the above describedmethod for manufacturing colloid aluminum silica gel. Likewise, themethod can further comprise a step, in which the matured heel from thestep (j) passes through an ion-exchange resin layer several times toproduce very pure and consistent colloid aluminum silica gel, and laterthe consistent colloid is crushed.

[0038] A preferred surfactant containing colloid aluminum silica gelincludes protecting colloid for ionizing strongly negative charges. Theprotecting colloid can be phycocolloid prepared by extract mucilage ofbrown seaweed in the ocean. The phycocolloid is one of botanicalpolysaccharides, and has a formula of C₆H₁₂O₆)n, in which D(+) mannoseas a main component possesses more than 9 glycosidic linkage.

[0039] The surfactant containing colloid aluminum silica gel preferablycontains a little amount of photocatalyst that exhibits electro depositin a titer solution. The electro deposit photocatalyst is selected froma group consisting cadmium chloride having a formula, Cd(ClO₄)₂.26H₂O,cyclic ether, e.g., tetrahydrofuran, and cadmium sulfide colloid activesieve that is prepared by mixing a long ring-chain alkanethiol withsulfured hydrogen and dehydration drying.

[0040] Still another object of the present invention is to provide asurfactant containing alkanol amide condensate obtained from a reactionof 12-hydroxy-cis-9-octadecanoic acid, alkanol amine and water.

[0041] The above 12-hydroxy-cis-9-octadecanoic acid is preferablybotanical ricinoleic acid which is extracted from caster oil and has aformula C₁₈H₃₄O₃.

[0042] In addition, the surfactant containing the aforementionedalkaolamide condensate can have a little amount of photocatalyst thatexhibits electro deposit in a titer solution The electro depositphotocatalyst is selected from a group consisting cadmium chloridehaving a formula, Cd(ClO₄)₂.26H₂O, cyclic ether, e.g., tetrahydrofuran,and cadmium sulfide colloid active sieve that is prepared by mixing along ring-chain alkanethiol with sulfured hydrogen and dehydrationdrying.

[0043] Still another object of the present invention is to provide asurfactant that forms spherical monodisperse colloid micell, whichcontains a homogeneous mixture consisting of nonionic surfactant of isooctylphenoxy polyoxy ethylene ethanol, a kind of ester of polyhydricalcohol and fatty acids having a formula of(CH₃)₃CCH₂C(CH₃)₂C₆H₄O(OC₂H₄O)₇(C₂H₄OH), a nonionic surfactant ofp-tert-octylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol having a formula of(CH₃)₃CCH₂C(CH₂)₃C₆H₄O(CH₂CH₂O)_(X)H, an nonionic surfactant having aformula of HOCH₂(CH₂CH₂O)_(n)CH₂OH, polyoxy ethylene, and distilledwater.

[0044] A preferred surfactant that can form spherical monodispersecollide micell contains a little amount of photocatalyst that exhibitselectro deposit in a titer solution. The electro deposit photocatalystis selected from a group consisting cadmium chloride having a formula,Cd(ClO₄)₂.26H₂O, cyclic ether, e.g., tetrahydrofuran, and cadmiumsulfide colloid active sieve that is prepared by mixing a longring-chain alkanethiol with sulfured hydrogen and dehydration drying.

[0045] In short, the present invention provides a surfactant consistingof (1) 8 to 12 parts of colloid aluminum silica gel which hascharacteristics of both silica and alumina, being void of any chemicalbond to form polymers by reacting with other molecules in an ecosystem,having a capacity of metal substitution of zeolite at a low temperature,and containing evenly purified colloid aluminum silica gel having theparticle size within a range of from several nm to several μm ofdiameter; (2) 5 to 8 parts of alkanol amide condensate obtained from areaction of 12-hydroxy-cis-9-octadecanoic acid, alkanol amine and water;(3) 3 to 3.5 parts of nonionic surfactant of iso octylphenoxy polyoxyethylene ethanol, a kind of ester of polyhydric alcohol and fatty acidshaving a formula of (CH₃)₃CCH₂C(CH₃)₂C₆H₄O(OC₂H₄O)₇(C₂H₄OH); (4) 2 to2.3 parts of nonionic surfactant of p-tert-octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol having a formula of (CH₃)₃CCH₂C(CH₂)₃C₆H₄O(CH₂CH₂O)_(X)H; (5)2.2 to 3 parts of phycocolloid, one of botanical polysaccharides, havinga chemical formula of (C₆H₁₂O₆)n and D(+) mannose as a main componentpossesses more than 9 glycosidic linkage; and (6) 70.90 to 79.30 partsof distilled water.

[0046] Preferably, the above surfactant further comprises 0.5 to 0.8% ofelectro deposit photocatalyst. The electro deposit photocatalyst isselected from a group consisting cadmium chloride having a formula,Cd(ClO₄)₂.26H₂O, cyclic ether, e.g., tetrahydrofuran, and cadmiumsulfide colloid active sieve that is prepared by mixing a longring-chain alkanethiol with sulfured hydrogen and dehydration drying.More preferably, 5 to 7 wt % of the final mixture of the surfactant canbe further dehydrated at the end.

[0047] The compositions of the surfactant according to the presentinvention can be effectively used for removing oil or grease;regenerating land polluted by hydrocarbon compounds; suppressing orremoving red tide; cleansing a ship, airplane or automobile; decomposinga serum or hemoglobin; cleansing a fisherboat equipment or fishing net;catching light water ions; decomposing dextrine (starch), protein ordenatured forms of the same; deinking treatment of waste prints;scouring textile, pulp, or wool; removing bacteria or mold; removingodor; cleansing equipment associated with water and vapor circulation;ultrasonic cleansing of iron or nonferrous metals; washing fabrics orfurs; washing glasses or ceramics; bathing fur animals; collecting dust;pressure cleaning; or removing nicotine.

[0048] Moreover, the surfactant of the present invention can be added tocements, and table adopting agent or diesel materials to form cleansingsolvent emulsifiers.

[0049] In the meantime, the surfactant compositions of the presentinvention can be included to cutting oil or lube. Also, the surfactantcompositions can be used for washing any table cloth in the field offood processing. Further, the surfactant compositions are very usefulfor cleansing denatured water-soluble pollutants, neutral oil pollutantsor glass fatty acids pollutants as well as washing nylon, cotton orwool.

[0050] Additional advantages, objects, and features of the inventionwill be set forth in part in the description which follows and in partwill become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art uponexamination of the following or may be learned from practice of theinvention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may berealized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in thewritten description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

[0051] It is to be understood that both the foregoing generaldescription and the following detailed description of the presentinvention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to providefurther explanation of the invention as claimed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0052] Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodimentsof the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in theaccompanying Chemical Formulas. The matters defined in the descriptionare nothing but the ones provided to assist in a comprehensiveunderstanding of the invention. Also, well-known functions orconstructions are not described in detail since they would obscure theinvention in unnecessary detail.

[0053] Inventors of the present invention discovered that theconventional alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) and linear alkyl benzenesulfonate (LABS) detergents are not easily decomposed by microorganismin the water, or cause eutrophication, hindering self-cleansing ofwater, and are very poisonous to the environment in the water. Inaddition, most of the above detergents have an atom group, e.g., alkylgroup or methyl group, in a side branch, or have benzene nuclei, so theyhad to go through a sulfate processing or a sulfonate processing, butstill failed to exhibit sufficient cleansing capacities requiring a lotof extra additives for more efficient cleansing, which in turn resultedin serious pollution in both land and water.

[0054] The inventors then turned their interests to linear typedetergents having fatty acid surfactants as base since they are known tobe very safe for the ecosystem. Unfortunately, most of the fatty acidsurfactants slowed down natural decomposition by microorganism and wereseriously harmful for a human body. This discovery was known to theinventors by observing that those fatty acid surfactants are produced byadding ethylene oxide during a addition processing, or adding sulfuricacid or chloro sulfonic acid during an ester processing, so theynaturally have an ethylene linkage in their condensate. The condensatethen polymerize with other organic sieve in the ecosystem or initiatesecondary addition reactions that consequently inhibit the decompositionby microorganism.

[0055] Therefore, as an attempt to solve the problems described above,the inventors first tried to produce a specific active colloidalparticle that was prepared by sintering many kinds of inert inorganiccompounds at a high temperature to remove any impurities and makepurified colloidal particle. In this matter, they succeeded to decomposecontaminated organic materials, and to promote reduction of atoms inorganic materials through an absorption-separation, thereby securingecosystem's safety. Further, the surfactant containing the abovespecific active colloidal particle had a greatly reduced harmfulcomponent compared to the conventional detergents. In result, theinventors succeeded to produce a new detergent for improving cleansingeffect, and at the same time, being safe for a human and more safe andenvironmentally-friendly.

[0056] A method for manufacturing active components of collide accordingto the present invention is now explained in more detail by referring tothe examples below, which are not intended to be limiting. Unlessspecified, the percentage indicates a percentage by weight. Inventionconditions, for example, composition ratios or temperature ranges and soon, can be practiced by a person with an ordinary skill within the limitthat the objective of the present invention is not changed.

[0057] Synthesis of Colloid Aluminum Silica Gel

[0058] To 25 wt % of sulfuric acid was dissolved aluminum hydroxide,Al(OH)₂.xH₂O (molecular weight: 77.99), that consists of 21.02% ofaluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), 41.65% of silicic acid (SiO₂), 5.48% ofpotassium (K₂), 2.70% of red iron oxide (Fe₂O₃), 20.85% of sulfuric acid(H₂SO₄), and 0.63% of water. Then, potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) was added,and the mixture was stirred at a low temperature within a range of from68° F. to 77° F. to produce soluble aluminum double salt, i.e.,K₂SO₄.Al₂(SO₄)₂.24H₂O. In order to remove any impurities in thecompositions, the soluble aluminum chelate was continuously stirred at atemperature of 176 to 185° F., and an addition reaction was proceeded byslowly dropping 0.1% of enzyme, (Na₂)₂CO. In result, remainingimpurities was greatly reduced, and high quality of potassium aluminumsulfate (potassium alum) with a high purity and density was obtained.The relevant chemical equation and products are illustrated below:

2Al(OH)₃+3H₂SO₄→Al₂(SO₄)₃+6H₂O

Al₂(SO₄)₃+K₂SO₄+24H₂O→K₂SO₄.Al₂(SO₄)₂.24H₂O

[0059] Here, the product was heated and condensed at 176° F., andtransferred to a flask to be stirred and was cooled. Then, thecompositions were put into a centrifuge to be subjected to dehydrationprocessing, and a hot concentrator to be subjected to a heatcondensation at a temperature of 140° F. for four hours. Thecompositions lost 18 molecules of hydrate and produced SO₂ instead. Theproduct was decomposed as white anhydrous aluminum oxide and potassiumsulfate to yield the material (specific gravity: 1.758, melting point:110° C.) illustrated below:

K₂SO₄.Al₂(SO₄)₃→Al₂O₃+3SO₃+K₂SO₄

[0060] Prior to the reaction, potassium alum (K₂SO₄.Al₂(SO₄)₂.24H₂O) wasmixed with aluminum silicate (Al₂(SO₂)₄) in a ration of 1:3 by weight,and added was water to compose 24 water salts (24H₂O) alkali metalpolysilicate-sulfate chelate. The resulting mixture was slowlyprecipitated at a low temperature of 59° F. and produced pectograph ofaluminum silicate sieve. Here, the pectograph indicates precipitated anddehydrated sol in colloid solution.

[0061] The pectograph of the aluminum silicate sieve consists of 53.95%of SiO₂, 1.02% of Al₂O₃, and 35.15% of H₂O, and the relevant reaction isillustrated below:

2Kal(SO₄)₂.12H₂O+3Na₂SiO

Al₂(SiO₃)₃+3Na₂SO₄+K₂SO₄+12H₂O

[0062] In order to improve absorption of the pectograph of the aluminumsilicate sieve, 0.3% of light magnesia (MgO), 0.15% of iron oxide(Fe₂O₃), 3% of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), 1.75% of sodium hydroxide(NaOH), 0.10% of potassium hydroxide (KOH), and 35% of distilled waterwere added and stirred in sequence to produce chelate. The chelate wasput into a tank and impurities therein were removed using a cleaningfilter. Then, the chelate was placed in a spray dryer, and contactedwith hot air through a heated air valve having a temperature range offrom 302° F. to 410° F., connected to a cylinder to produce driedmicrosphere. This dried microsphere was placed in a melting furnace andfused at a temperature within a range of from 1202° F. to 1562° F. Themelted microsphere was then cooled and hardened. To this microsphere,diluted sulfuric acid was added to prepare highly absorptive sieve. Thesieve was twice cleansed using 10% of ammonia solution (NH₄OH) to beneutralized, and heated at 140° F. to be dehydrated and dried. The driedsieve then went through a vapor treatment, and was crushed and powdered.Using a colloid mil, this powder formed sieve having a particle sizeless than 1 μm, and in result, highly absorptive aluminum silicatemolecular sieve was obtained.

[0063] The aluminum silicate sieve was dissolved in distilled waterhaving 2.5 times of the sieve by weight. To the solution, 25% of sodiumhydroxide was added by weight of the distilled water. The mixture wasvapor heated at a temperature within a range of from 158° F. to 284° F.,and was matured. Through a polymerization processing around 140° F., themixture was matured to heel with a high density. To this matured heel,slowly added was diluted sol for polymerizing precipitation, which wasprepared by diluting sodium silicate (Na₂O.3SiO₂.xH₂O) that passedthrough a cation exchange resin layer. Again, the resultant passedthrough an anion and cation exchange resin layer in order to preparehighly pure and consistent colloidal silica gel. Therefore, using acolloid mill employed a corundom stone, the consistent aluminum silicagel was crushed, and sprayed at a high pressure using especially acolloid mill having the structure of air turbulent to be subjected to aturbulent diffusion processing. When the turbulent diffusion processingwas completed, the aluminum silica gel was compressed on a screen withbelow minus 14 mesh to yield uniform aluminum silica gel The finalproducts, in other words, uniform microsphere colloidal activeparticles, which went through all the above processes, havecharacteristics both of silica and alumina and at a low temperature, andthey possess complex functions of zeolite of alumina gel crystal. Thecolloidal active particles form a relatively uniform granularity havinga particle size of a diameter within a range of from 1 micronmeter to 1nanometer For the above particular case, the diameter of the colloidparticles was 1 nm. Also, it was discovered that these activatedcolloidal particles retained molecular chaos due to strong free energyin a solution. The thermal energy, that is, brownian force, of theparticles was measured as following:

[0064] (Applied force: α=1 μm, μ=10⁻³ kg/ms, U=1 μm/s, ρ=10³ kg/m³,Δρ/ρ=10⁻², g=10 m/s², Aeff=10⁻² Nm, ξ=50 mV, ε=10²)

[0065] Electrical force/Brownian force aeoξ²/KT≈10 ²

[0066] Attractive force/Brownian force Aeff/KT≈1

[0067] Brownian force/Viscous force KT/μUa²≈1

[0068] Gravity/Viscous force α³ΔPg/μUa≈10⁻¹

[0069] Initial force/Viscous force μa²U²/μUa≈10⁻⁶

[0070] wherein, wherein, α is length; K is Boltzmann constant(1.381×10⁻²³ J/K); T is absolute temperature; additivity (Van der Waal'sforce on an atom or a molecule generates between electron microscopebody); 0(Aeff/a), Aeff is Hamaker constant, aeoξ² is colume law, E is adielectric constant of a fluid; EO is a dielectric constant in freespace (8.88×10⁻¹² C/Vm), ξ is an electron potential of a particle; U isviscous force on a particle moving with any velocity; O(μαU) is a medianvalue of viscosity; O(a²p²U²) is the law of inertia of Stockes; and,O(a³

Pg) is gravity on a particle.

[0071] Therefore, the above again confirms that the activated colloidalparticle of the present invention exhibits thermodynamic activity inmolecular chaos to be accordance with Brownian mathematical theory.

[0072] So far, any one has ever found a method for manufacturingmultifunctional activated colloidal particles using a mixture ofaluminum silicate, magnesia (MgO), iron oxide (Fe₂O₃), calcium hydroxide(Ca(OH)₂), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and potassium hydroxide (KOH), and asurfactant using the same.

[0073] Synthesis of Alkanolamine Condensate using12-hydroxy-cis-9-octadecanoic Acid, Alkanolamine and Water

[0074] A homogenous compound was prepared by mixing botanical ricinoleicacid extracted from caster oil having a formula of C₁₆H₃₄O₃, equimolaramount to 1 mole of diethanolamine having a formula of HN(CH₂CH₂OH)₂,and the same amount of water. The produced slurry was distilled off atan atmospheric pressure at 175° C. to 180° C. to remove any remainingreactants and in result, consistent surfactants were obtained.

[0075] The inventors have been motivated ever since they found that theconventional fatty acid soft type detergents that had been developed asan alternative for petroleum type detergents were also stimulant to ahuman skin, and were not biodegradable fast enough so that they couldnot provide standard optimum conditions for decomposition bymicroorganism. Moreover, the fatty acid type detergents employalkanolamide as a base component which causes an addition reaction withhighly reactive ethylene oxide or ethylene chlorohydrine during anaddition processing and produces ethylene adduct at a high temperature.This condensate was found to be very harmful to a human and became amalignant substrate forming polymers through an ethylene linkage withother organic substances in the ecological environment. In order tosolve these problems, the inventors have developed a new surfactantfunctional substance that was produced without an addition processingwherein ethylene oxide or ethylene chlorohydrine was typically employed.

[0076] The chemical reaction equation for the aforementioned surfactantfunctional substance is illustrated below:

RCO₂H+HN(CH₂CH₂OH)₂→RCON(CH₂CH₂OH)₂+H₂O

[0077] The surfactant functional material as described above wasobtained by reacting fatty acids, that is, 12-hydroxy-cis-octadetanoicacid, with alkanolamine and water to induce an oxidation of a hydroxylgroup (OH⁻). In result, the mixture produced water-soluble salts with anability of a surfactant. Taking advantage of this characteristic, theinventors introduced a new detergent using the above material as acomponent, which no one has ever found before.

[0078] Synthesis of a Specific Surfactant for Forming SphericalMonodisperse Colloid Micell

[0079] A homogeneous compound was prepared from a homogenizer byemploying an nonionic surfactant of iso octylphenoxy polyoxy ethyleneethanol, a kind of ester of polyhydric alcohol and fatty acids having aformula of (CH₃)₃CCH₂C(CH₃)₂C₆H₄O(OC₂H₄O)₇(C₂H₄OH); a nonionicsurfactant of p-tert-octylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol having a formula of(CH₃)₃CCH₂C(CH₂)₃C₆H₄O(CH₂CH₂O)_(X)H; an nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene having a formula of HOCH₂(CH₂CH₂O)nCH₂OH; and distilled waterby several times of weight. The mixture was then sprayed at a highpressure to form microhallowsphere, and heated by vapor for controllingmoisture therein, which consequently condenses the density of themixture, to obtain a particular surfactant that can form sphericalmonodisperse colloid micell.

[0080] Synthesis of Phycocolloid with a High Purity and Consistency forIonizing Strong Negative Charge

[0081] The present invention provides a new form of protecting colloid.

[0082] A discovery has been made to an ascidiacea hormone in the ocean,i.e., male plant spermatia, which secretes particular kinds ofmetabolites and ionizes strong negative charge. A protecting colloid wasmade out of the mucilage of this hormone. The protecting colloid wasknown to stabilize the activities of unstable colloidal particles in anelectrical field by helping the colloidal particles to be dissolved in asolution.

[0083] In consideration with that the polyaluminum silicate colloidalparticles tend to be unstable in a solution, a protecting colloid withappropriate functions, especially stabilizing the colloidal particles,would be more than welcomed.

[0084] In order to manufacture the protecting colloid according to thepresent invention, first of all, a kind of alga, i.e., brown seaweed,which grows at a cold temperature in the deep sea was dried off througha natural seasoning in the shade within a temperature range of from 10°C. to 15° C. It was deposited in limewater to remove grease andimpurities therein, and neutralized by reacting with an acid. Then, itwas settled in the freshwater to be washed and was exposed to sunlightfor manufacturing table-bagged seaweed. To this processed seaweed, wateras much as 30 times by weight (wt %) and citric acid were added, and themixture was heated at 212° C. to 284° C. to form a gel. Next, theresulted gel was put into a spray dryer having the construction of highpressure spray dryer system for controlling moisture therein, and againextruded to a screen with a mesh below −14. In this manner, thephycocolloid with a very high purity and consistency for ionizing strongnegative charge was prepared.

[0085] The following are the physical properties of the phycocolloid:

[0086] mp: 132° C., den(g/cm³): 1539²⁰, Solubility (^(n) _(d)):H₂O 4 eth1; bz1

[0087] thermodynamic properties: Δ_(f)H° /kJmol⁻¹=−1263.0

[0088] Synthesis of a Novel Surfactant

[0089] By combining the surfactants described above, the presentinvention provides a novel surfactant with activated colloidalparticles. The new surfactant consists of 8 to 12 wt % of colloidalactive particles made of polyaluminum silicate; 5 to 8 wt % ofalkanolamide condensate; 3 to 3.5 wt % of iso octylphenoxypolyoxyethylene, a nonionic surfactant of an ester of polyhydricalcohols and fatty acids; 2 to 2.3 wt % of a nonionic surfactant, p-tertoctylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol; 2.2 to 3 wt % of natural phycocolloidextract; and, 70.90 to 79.30 wt % of distilled water.

[0090] The surfactant of the present invention is not harmful to a humanand the ecosystem since it contains greatly reduced amount of chemicalsthat used to cause environmental problems. In other words, thesurfactant where specific physical properties were added uponcountervails the disadvantages of the conventional surfactant in washingability. No one in the industries has not yet found this new surfactanthaving specific physical properties and improved washing ability despitereduction of chemical factors necessary for washing.

[0091] One might assume that if the surfactant of the invention isdispersed in the water, it might not readily dissolve in the water dueto the long hydrocarbon chain therein originated from an ester linkageof long ring-chained fatty acids and glycerin of functional groups inthe surfactant, that is, alkanolamide condensate molecules and nonionicsurfactant molecules. However, since the surfactant of the invention hashydrophilic groups, e.g., —OH, —COOH, —NO₂, —NH₂, at the end of eachmolecule, it easily dispersed and ionized in the water. Thus, when theconcentration of molecules exceeds a critical micelle concentration, themolecules form a stable and soluble unimolecular film. In addition, whenthe unstable activated colloidal particles aforementioned disperse in asurfactant solution at a greater concentration than that of a criticalmicell concenration, water molecules in the water bond with theseparticles on the surface, namely, the unstable activated colloidalparticles are hydrated and become the surface of hydroxyl groups. Thishydroxyl group bonds with H⁺ in the water, such as, —OH+H→OH⁺ ₂, andmolecules in the water change, such as, OH+OH⁻→O⁻+H₂O. Therefore, theunstable particles are absorbed to micell colloid of a surfactant, sofree energy gets decreased and stabilized hydration can be maintained.At this time, the surfactant charge of colloidal particles in thesolution is equivalent to charge of the opposite sign ion in the liquid,consequently forming an electric double layer around the particle. Onthe other hand, the phycocolloid extracted from a natural seaweedcontains D+ mannose as a main component that has more than 9 ofglycosidic bond, and is a kind of polysaccharides having botanicalpolysaccharide compound of a formula (C₆H₁₂O₆)n.

[0092] Accordingly, the detergent of the present invention aresurfactant compositions with much improved consistency, absorption andion exchange function, which consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen,and is composed of consistent colloidal particles having strong negativecharge.

[0093] The phycocolloid is added into the cleansing liquid, or thedetergent, containing colloidal particles prepared in the invention toionize strong negative charge [ξ₁, ξ₂>K (electrolytic concentration of asolution), and to change zeta (ξ) potential of the dispersed colloidalparticles so that the stable colloidal particles can be stabilized.Moreover, in the electrostatic field, the particles' brownian motionforce gets much better and this consequently doubles the detergent'sperformance of shaking dirt on the laundry. Thus, the detergentcontaining physocolloid of the present invention has much improvedwashing ability, and further the colloidal particles therein areequipped with excellent electrolytic properties and absorption, so theyare well prepared for buffing the separated dirt's re-precipitation.

[0094] The above described technology for building up electrolyticproperties of strong negative charge around phycocolloid to help asurfactant perform washing much better by means of colloidal particles'organic supplement, wherein the particle has oxidation crystal structureof silicic acid and aluminum that are supplied as washing materials, hasnot yet been published.

[0095] When the surfactant of the present invention is dispersed in thewater, the colloidal particles absorb surface charge and proceed verypowerful random movement one another. Later, the particles directlyintrude into dirt in order to separate oil, grease and earth from thelaundry, and perform highly efficient and activated washing. Inaddition, the surfactant of the present invention, since it takes anadvantage of physical properties of the activated colloidal particles tocompensate a great amount of required builders in other detergents andsurfactants in general, is more appropriate for protecting the ecosystemand maintaining environmentally-friendly safety This washing mechanismof the invention is, therefore, very distinctive from operationmechanism of the conventional detergents.

[0096] Using water as a medium, the surfactant of the present inventionallows the activated particles therein to perform particular physicaland chemical functions. Wherever there is a certain amount of moisturefor the particles to be activated, they perform excellent washingregardless of the kind or quality of water, such as, light water, freshwater, or salt water. Further, the surfactant by itself does not containpollution and toxicity factors, e.g., phosphate, sulfate, nitrate, nitrotriacetic acid (NTA), enzyme, corrosive agent and so on, and linkage forpolymerization with other organic substances that are dissolved in theecosystem. Thus, the surfactant easily captures light water ions, e.g.,calcium (Ca⁺⁺), magnesium (Ma⁺⁺), iron (Fe⁺⁺) and so on, and does notcreate any precipitate in any kind of light water.

[0097] The surfactant of the present invention also contains a littleamount of colloidal-active semiconductor particle as an electro depositphotocatalyst to form compatible micell in organic surrounding, so theirmutual organic activity absorbs ultraviolet and transits ozone for arapid decomposition in the water. In result, the surfactant causes areaction between ozone and a photon, from which a highly reactivehydroxyl group for promoting photolysis is produced.

[0098] In other words, the photon induction of colloidal-activesemiconductor particle produces photo-oxidation derivatives and furtherdetoxicated hydroxyl groups, which react with non-reactive molecules inthe solution for accelerating oxidation-reduction of organic substances.

[0099] In the meantime, the inventors found that the colloidal-activesemiconductor particle as an electrro deposit photocatalyst can be usedfor preparing activated molecular sieve by preparing dehydrated anddried CdS sol, which is a mixture of approximately 10⁴M of cadmiumchloride of a formula Cd(ClO₄)₂.26H₂0, tetrahydraofuran ring type etherof a formula C6H8O, long ring-chain type alkanethiol (RSH), andsulfureted hydrogen. The physical properties of this CdS sol are nowexplained below.

[0100] Diffusion Data of CdS(Cadmium Sulfide) Sol Semiconductor

[0101] Frequency factor, D. (cm²/s): 1.6*10²

[0102] Activation energy, Q (eV): 2.05

[0103] Temperature range (° C.): 800-900

[0104] Thermodynamic Measurement:

[0105] Molar enthalpy (heat) of formation at 298.15K in K/mol:

[0106] Δ_(f)H° /KJ mol⁻¹=−161.9

[0107] Molar Gibbs energy of formation at 298.15K in K/mol:

[0108] Δ_(f)G° /KJ mol⁻¹=−156.5

[0109] Molar enthalpy at 298.15K in J/mol K: S° /J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹=−64.9

[0110] The photocatalyst CdS can have compatible colloidal-activeparticles in organic surrounding by a long chained alkanethion intetrahydrofuran, and is prepared by cadmium ions together with H₂S inthe tetrahydrofuran. These particles exhibited a tendency to decrease incontrast to the increase of thiol. The mean diameter of CdS particles isinfluenced by the increase of thiol concentration, and is determined bythe equation, i.e., log d=1.32-1.13 log c. In the equation, d(nm)indicates the mean diameter, and c(M) indicates thiol concentration.

[0111] The above cadmium sulfide colloidal sol forms a very strongbinding with thiol on the surface to make thiol group containing sulfideions for instance, and the stabilized cadmium sulfide by thiolate isvery sensitive to ultraviolet in the solution and has light absorptionfluoresce. Further, the CdS sol continues to organic activation with thedispersed colloidal particles, absorbs photos, transits and decomposesozone, and makes highly reactive detoxicated hydroxyl group (OH⁻) forphoto-oxidation. Photo-oxidation of positive holes in CdS particles dueto light absorption and electrons of thiolate anions and theiroxidation—reduction, can explain the photolysis mechanism.

[0112] In this case, CdS particles that are stabilized by thiolateactively decompose ultraviolet into the solution as long as oxygen orozone is present. Therefore, at the absence of oxygen or ozone, the CdSparticles lose stabilizing group and cause agglomeration forming largeparticles, thereby deterring more efficient dispersion of the absorbedultraviolet. This is probably because of the oxidation-reduction of thepositive holes in CdS particles and the thiolate anions, which decreasesthiolate chains and creates unstable surrounding for CdS colloidalparticles. The elementary process thereof is as follows:

[0113] The light absorption agglomeration number, n, of a colloidalparticle having one stabilized thiolate anion (RS⁻) leads electron holesin pairs.

((CdS)_(n)RS⁻)→(CdS)_(n)RS⁻(e⁻)(h⁺))  (1)

[0114] The major reaction involves a re-bonding of carriers that areeither radioactive or free of light-emission.

e⁻+h⁺→hν_(fluorescence) (thermalization)  (2)

[0115] This shows an oxidation of thiolate anions. Meanwhile, thiolradical is emitted from colloidal particles.

(CdS)_(n)RS⁻(e⁻)(h⁺))→(CdS)_(n)e⁻+RS⁻)  (3)

[0116] The remainder of electrons can form cadmium metal and a dimer forforming either thiol radical or disulfide.

2(RS⁻)→(RS)₂  (4)

[0117] An electron from another colloidal particle can stabilize thethiol radical that is produced by emission of colloidal particles.

(CdS)_(n)RS⁻(e⁻))→(CdS)_(n))+RS⁻  (5)

[0118] In this manner, a phytolysis experiment of CdS colloidal sol wasconducted under various illumination times in the presence of oxygen,and absorption spectrum therefor was λ>329 nm.

[0119] In the present invention, Cd(ClO₄)₂.26H₂O having 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻³ Mwas dissolved in tetrahydrofurane, later mixed with thiol, and to themixture, H2S was injected through septum. Then, the solution wasviolently stirred. For the photolysis experiment, xenon lamps fromvarious filters were employed. As for the eluent of HPLC (high pressureliquid chromatography), the mixing solution of 10⁻³ M ofCd(ClO₄)₂.26H₂O, tetrafuran solution, and 10⁻² M of thiol solution wasused.

[0120] According to the measurements of the above experiment, absorptionmaterials (5 μm) by chromatography were 500λ of nucleaosil for the firstcolumn and 1000λ of nucleosil for the second column. For the measurementof nucelosil without sulfureted hydrogen was 400λ. The area of a columnwas 12 cm×4 mm. For the chromatography of the experiment, 1×10⁻³ M ofCd(ClO₄)₂.26H₂O and 2×10⁻⁴ M of H₂S were added. Also, to the H₂S,various amounts of hexanethiol were additionally added. In an experimentas above, as the thiol concentration (thiol, C6H13SH) gets higher,photoluminiscent strip indicators for CdS colloid absorption spectrumtransferred from yellow to blue, and colorless at the highestconcentration. This phenomena confirms that light absorption of cadmiumsulfide sol is proportional to thiol concentration because the particlestherein become smaller due to the increased thiol concentration, beingin a better position to absorb light. Therefore, disulfide was exhibitedin a methyl silicon column of gas chromatography, and this is because oflight absorption of CdS particles.

[0121] Although a starting point of absorption and a diameter of aparticle were measure through diverse experiments using an extrapolationmethod, the operation of thiol exhibited a similar particle growth limitfound in telermorization of polymer chemistry. Accordingly, thecorrelation factor between granularity of particle size andconcentration of terminating agent is calculated from straight linesobtained by double logarithmic plot using a particle's diameter, d(Å),and thiol concentration ratio c(M) as follows:

Log d=K ₁ K ₂

[0122] wherein K₁ is 1.32 and K₂ is 0.13.

[0123] Similar measurements were obtained from didecanethiol,octacdecanethiol, and 1,9-nonanedithiol, which have the value of K₁between 1.25 and 1.34 and that of K₂ between 0.12 and 0.14. Thistendency again confirms that granularity of a particle decreases asthiol concentration increases according to HPLC (high pressure liquidchromatography). Therefore, large particles are only observed during theshort elution of chromatography. The colloidal particle retainedstability for several weeks, and the absorption and fluorescence thereofwere not affected at all even reflux was done at 90° C. for severalhours. In the meantime, if no oxygen was present, the degree of lightabsorption rapidly decreased by approximately 10%, and cadmium sol madeof strong bonding of alkanethiols was dissolved in an organic materialbut showed no changes against heating at 90° C. in terms of the affinityin the organic medium. These kinds of phenomena could be obtainedbecause thiol functional groups are very tightly bonded to colloidalparticles. In other words, a Cd²⁺ ion has a strong bonding with athiolate anion. In contrary, in the presence of oxygen, according to themechanism for decomposing photoanodic of CdS colloid, the CdS particlesabsorb ultraviolet to react with trapped hole where an elctron iscaptured to react with oxygen to produce O₂, and form highly reactivehydroxyl groups, deterring photo-oxidation. Here, the trapped hole is ananion of oxidized S radical during a reaction with O₂ or O₂ ⁻, in orderto chemically form sulfite and finally sulfate ions.

[0124] The surfactant of the present invention very easily decomposes bymicroorganism even at a relatively low temperature. Thus, it is possibleto accomplish the almost complete decomposition by microorganism withinseveral days. The biodegradation rate was tested on the detergent of thepresent invention when used in the water of 20° C. In result, 33% of thedetergent was decomposed within 24 hours, 82% in 5 days, and 98.5% in 7days.

[0125] B.O.D. (Phenylazide method): 5 days, 81.250 mg/l, ultimate 136500mg/l (K=0.104)

[0126] The above biodegradation rate exceeds the maximum standard valuestipulated by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the UnitedStates. Thus, there is high expectation on this new form of detergentfrom a viewpoint that it would make a great contribution to theprotection of water resources.

[0127] The product of the present invention eliminates too much use ofchemical compounds, but is capable of activating useful qualities ofcolloidal particles for the washing detergent. Thus, it aims to minimizeeffluent or wastewater due to the detergent, and further to completelyeliminate any toxicity therein that harms underwater life.

[0128] Moreover, the product of the present invention can becommercialized in most of industries since it is applicable for bothalkali and acid. Especially, hydrophobic colloid of the detergentaccording to the invention is formed of a long hydrocarbon tail and apolarized head, thus, if the concentration increases, micellecrystallizes as an aggregate. At this time, the hydrocarbon tail headstoward the inside of micell and the polarized part touches water.

[0129] More micells are built by interaction between hydrocarbon tails,and each micell replaces hydrophobic surrounding with hydrophilicsurrounding. And, the hydrophilic solid obstacle around the micell ofteninterrupts the aggregation.

[0130] Critical micellar concentration of the detergent solution of thepresent invention, or the concentration factor, is 0.08×10⁻³, which ismeasured by table surface tension law at 25° C.

[0131] The typical micell of the surfactant of the invention hasapproximately 50-60 of soap molecules. Hence, the soap molecules in onemicell are the ones that dissolve even considerably insoluble dirt inthe solution by inviting them to the inside of the micell. Besides, themolecules easily dissolve oil-bearing compounds including organicsubstances, e.g., halogenated compound, MEK (methyl ethyl ketone),heptane and so forth, wax, complex alcohol, drinks like milk or juice,and substances that do not dissolve in other clear detergent solutions.

[0132] According to the surfactant of the present invention, the initialsol concentration having one minute of half life is 1.4×10⁹ in thewater, if no obstacles for assembly are allowed. The maximum of colloidof the surfactant is 5×10⁻⁵ for a radius of a particle, and 1.4×10⁹ ofparticles occupy 0.07% of space per cc.

[0133] In addition, particles of the surfactant of the present inventionare usually electrically charge in sol and they are manifested throughelectrophoresis. Their physical operation is more like an electricphenomenon, but more interestingly, they dissolve substances that didn'tdissolve in other kinds of detergent solutions, because the particlesact more aggressively upon the hydrophillicity or affinity of water. Ameasurement on the potential of H⁺ and OH⁻ is measuring potential ionsagainst oxidized sol containing a lot of metals and particles likecarbon that oxidized table surface although they do not seem to beoxidants on the table surface itself. The size of micell in thesurfactant of the invention is approximately 10⁻⁵-10⁻⁷ cm.

[0134] The present invention is now explained in more detail withreference to the accompanying examples. Unless specified otherwise,every percentage throughout the specification indicates the percentageby weight (wt %).

INVENTION EXAMPLES Example 1

[0135] To optionally decided weight 25% of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) wasdissolved aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃xH₂O, molecular weight: 77.99)consisting of 21.03% of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), 41.65% of Silicic acid(SiO₄), 5.48% of potassium (K₂), 2.70% of red iron oxide (Fe₂O₃), 20.85%of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and 0.63% of water. The resulting compositionwas mixed with potassium uslphate (K₂SO₄) to produce potassium alum. Thepotassium alum again was mixed with aluminum silicate by a mixing ratioof 1:3 and produced 24-water salt alkali metal polysilicate-sulfatechelate. By polymerizing precipitation, colloid sol having aconstruction of aluminum silicate molecular sieve was yielded. To thisaluminum silicate molecular sieve colloid sol, 0.3% of light magnesia(MgO), 0.15% of iron oxide (Fe₂O₃), 3% of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂),0. 75% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 0.10% of potassium hydroxide (KOH),and 35% of distilled water were added in sequence stirring the mixtureto produce the chelate. The chelate was put into a tank and impuritiestherein were removed using a cleaning filter. Then, the purified chelatewas placed into a cylinder chamber of a spray dryer, and passed througha spray nozzle. The chelate, after passing through the spray nozzle,contacted with hot air through a heated air valve having a temperaturerange of from 302° F. to 410° F., connected to the cylinder to producedried microsphere.

[0136] This dried microsphere was fused in a melting furnace with atemperature range of from 1562° F. to 1652° F. The melted microspherewas then cooled and hardened. To this microsphere, diluted sulfuric acidwas added to prepare highly absorptive sieve. The sieve was twicecleansed using 10% of ammonia solution (NH₄OH) to be neutralized andheated at 176° F. to be dehydrated and dried. The dried sieve then wentthrough a vapor treatment, and the particles therein were crushed. Usinga colloid mil, this powder formed sieve with less than 1 μm for aparticle size, and in result, highly absorptive aluminum silicatemolecular sieve was obtained.

[0137] The prepared polyaluminum silicate sieve was dissolved indistilled water having 2.5 times of the sieve by weight. To thesolution, 25% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was added by weight of thedistilled water. The mixture was vapor heated at a temperature within arange of from 158° F. to 284° F., and was matured at 140° F. Through apolymerization processing, the mixture was matured to heel with a highdensity. To this matured heel, slowly added was diluted sol forpolymerizing precipitation, which was prepared by diluting sodiumsilicate (Na₂O.3SiO₂.xH₂O) that passed through a positive ion exchangeresin layer. Again, the resultant passed through an anion and cationexchange resin layer in order to prepare highly pure and consistentcolloidal aluminum silica gel. The colloidal aluminum silica gel passedthrough a colloid mill employed a corundom stone, and was crushed andsprayed at a high pressure in a colloidal milling apparatus having thestructure of air turbulent to be subjected to a turbulent diffusionprocessing. When the turbulent diffusion processing was completed, thealuminum silica gel was compressed on a tylor screen with below minus 14mesh to yield purified uniform aluminum silica gel. The final products,in other words, uniform microsphere colloidal active particles, whichwent through all the above processes, have characteristics both ofsilica and alumina and at a low temperature. The colloidal activeparticles are composed of a relatively uniform granularity having aparticle size of a diameter within a range of from 1 micronmeter to 1nanometer.

[0138] In order to manufacture nonionic colloidal active detergentsolution, a homogenizing compound was prepared and dehydrated within arange of 5% to 7%, wherein the homogenizing compound consists of 8 to 12wt % of colloidal active particles made of the above polyaluminumsilicate; 5 to 8 wt % of alkanolamide condensate, which was prepared byoxidation of caster oil extract, that is, botanical ricinoleic acid(12-hydroxy-cis-octadecanoic acid and diethanolamine; 3 wt % of isooctylphenoxy polyoxyethylene ethanol, a nonionic surfactant of an esterof polyhydric alcohols and fatty acids; 3 wt % of(CH₃)₃CCH₂C(CH₃)₂C₆H₄O(OC₂H₄O)₇(C₂H₄OH), 2 to 2.3 wt % of a nonionicsurfactant, p-tert octylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol,(CH₃)₃CCH₂C(CH₂)₃C₆H₄O(CH₂CH₂O)_(X)H; 2.2 to 2.8 wt % of naturalphycocolloid extract containing D+ mannose as a main component that hasmore than 9 glycosidic bonds; 0.5 to 0.8 wt % of CdS colloidalsemiconductors; and, 70.90 to 79.30 wt % of distilled water. H.L.B. ofthe homogenizing compound is 15.8.

[0139] Following are the physical properties of the detergentaforementioned:

[0140] Appearance and Odor: a greenish and amber color liquid with alittle of consistency and smell (510 mu dominant wavelength)

[0141] Specific gravity: 1.257 at 20° C.

[0142] Boiling point: 212° F.

[0143] Evaporation rate: >1 (butyl acetate=1)

[0144] Vapor pressure: 17.0 mmHg at 20° C., 22 mmHg at 25° C.

[0145] Vapor density: 1.3 (air=1)

[0146] Density: 8.5 lbs/gallon

[0147] Freezing point: −13° C. (55.4° F.)

[0148] Fresh point: None (APHA tristimulu procedure)

[0149] Viscosity: 120 centipoise at 20° C.

[0150] pH: 9.5±0.5 (adjusted by monoethanol amine)

[0151] Conductivity: 0.034 mhos/cm²

[0152] Surface tension: 29.3 dyne/cm

[0153] Solubility in water at 15° C.:

[0154] Less than 0.5 parts per thousand salinity: completely dissolved

[0155] 30 parts per thousand salinity: completely dissolved

[0156] Decomposition: decomposed without combustion at 231° C.

Example 2

[0157] A test was carried out on the harmfulness or toxicity of theproduct of Example 1 when it was applied to a human body, and thefollowing are the results thereof.

[0158] 1) Acute Dermal Toxicity Test:

[0159] A skin external remedy was applied to 5 male rabbits and 5 femalerabbits to an amount of 2 g/kg body weight. After 14 days of observationperiod, none of rabbits was dead. Instead, precisely LD₅₀ was observedto be higher than 2 g/ kg body weight Therefore, the product of theExample 1 was proved not to have any toxicity due to a skin externalremedy according to FHSA/CPSC Regulation.

[0160] 2) Dermal Irritation Test:

[0161] To a cut region of each 6 albino rabbits, 0.5 g of the Productwas applied, one control group for the shielded skin region and otherfor the unshielded skin region. The test region was shielded and thesubstance for a test was in contact with skin for 24 hours straight.According to FHSA/CPS Regulation, it was found that the product of theExample 1 was not a primary skin stimulant.

[0162] 3) Primary Eye Irritation Test:

[0163] The product was diluted in water at a ratio of 1:35, and wasapplied to one eye of each 6 albino rabbits. The observation was made in24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours, respectively. The eye where the samplewas applied showed no sign of irritation. Therefore, according toFHSA/CPS Regulation, it was found that the product of the Example 1 wasnot an eye stimulant.

[0164] 4) Acute Oral Toxicity Test:

[0165] The product was injected through a tube to 5 male rabbits and 5female rabbits to an amount of 5 g/kg body weight. After 14 days ofobservation period, none of rabbits was dead. Instead, precisely LD₅₀was observed to be higher than 5 g/kg body weight. Therefore, theproduct of the Example 1 was proved not to have any toxicity due to anoral administration, according to FHSA/CPSC Regulation.

[0166] 5) Acute Inhalation Toxicity Test:

[0167] 5 male and 5 female rabbits were allowed to inhale the productwith 25% solution of 20 mg/L of air as a nominal concentration. It wasobserved that in the 25% solution, precisely LD₅₀ was higher than thenominal concentration, 20 mg/L of air, for one hour. At the end of onehour, when the rabbits got loosed from the chamber, every one of themwas alive, that is, for 14-observation period. Therefore, according toFHSA/CPSC Regulation, the product (25% solution) was not toxic due toinhalation.

[0168] 6) Hazardous Gases Produced on Combustion: None

[0169] 7) Chronicity Possibility: It was not Observed.

Example 3

[0170] 1) Toxicity Test on a Waterfowl

[0171] The produce of the Example was orally applied to a waterfowl inaccordance with the following method:

[0172] 10 of Mallard-Hybrid male ducts weighing 3.2 lbs to 3.8 lbs, theundiluted product of the Example 1 was injected through a digestivetube. After the injection, the ducks were allowed to drink water andhave some food for further experiment. TABLE 1 Group 1 Survived Ducks10/10 10/10 10/10 10/10 Controls 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 (Distilled water)

[0173] The ducks of Group 1 threw up 1% of the original product of theExample 1 within 15 minutes. Later, the ducks threw up the product tothe amount of approximately 30 to 35% of the total injection amount.TABLE 2 Group 2 Survived Ducks 10/10 10/10 10/10 10/10 Controls 2/2 2/22/2 2/2

[0174] To 10 ducks of group, 13 ml of the product of Example 1 wasorally administrated. Meanwhile, to the 10 ducks of group 2, 13 ml ofthe diluted product of Example 1 at a ratio of 1:30 was orallyadministrated. Within one hour from administration, the ducks drankwater and had foods that were previously arranged, and they all seemedto be normal. This normal state maintained during the whole experimentperiod, showing no sign of harmfulness.

[0175] Especially, the 10 ducks of group 2 didn't throw up the product.As described above, they had water and foods as usual even after theadministration, and no harmfulness was observed during the presentexperiment.

[0176] After the ministration, the ducks were observed three times everyday. One duck from each group 1 and 2, respectively, was optionallyselected. When a duck from the controlling group who had only water wasanatomized, no change was observed in organs and tissues in associatedwith the product of Example 1.

Example 4

[0177] Micro-organisms Test of Product obtained by Example 1

[0178] To saline water was mixed the high density diluted product ofexample 1 (hereinafter referring to “product”) to prepare samplesolutions as listed in Table 3 (hereinafter referring to “samplesolutions”). Sample's density cited in Table 3 means mg of the productadded in the sample solution per liter of the final testing system, and100 g of the product was mixed in the sample solution.

[0179] To 150 ml of each sample solution was added 30 artemia sailinanauplii and same number of the fishes in 150 ml of pure salt water wasprepared as a comparing control. TABLE 3 Numbers Survived Percent 24hours (numbers Density after survived/ of sample starting 48 totalsolution test hours numbers %) 739 mg/liter 23/25 21 84 554 mg/liter25/25 25/25 100  416 mg/liter 25/25 24/25 96 312 mg/liter 25/25 22/25 88231 mg/liter 25/25 24/25 96 Control 25/25 24/25 96

[0180] Artemia sailian nauplii obtainable from Nippon Goldfish in SanFrancisco, Calif. was used in the present invention.

[0181] The results of observation for the test under the above conditionis given in Table 3 above.

[0182] Conclusion.

[0183] It is understood that high percentage of the fishes survived isbecause of its infinite TL₅₀ at the density of sample solution adopted.

[0184] Reference:

[0185] a) Standard methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water,12^(th) Edition.

[0186] b) Evaluation of oil Spill Agents, Development of TestingProcedures and Criteria of the California States Waste Resource ControlBoard.

Safety Test for Fishes

[0187] To saline water was mixed the high density diluted product ofexample 1 to prepare sample solutions as listed in Table 4. Each of thesample solutions was prepared by diluting 100 g of the product with 300g of water.

[0188] To individual aquarium 60 sticklebacks being placed was addedwith each of the sample solutions with the corresponding density listedin Table 4 below. The results of measurement for survival are given inthe same table. TABLE 4 Numbers survived 24 hour Density after of samplestarting 48 96 solution test hour hour 739 mg/liter 20/60 19/60 17/60554 mg/liter 25/60 22/60 20/60 416 mg/liter 35/60 32/60 29/60 312mg/liter 26/60 23/60 20/60 231 mg/liter 36/60 33/60 31/60 Control 60/6059/60 58/60

[0189] Fishes survived 96 hours after being treated were moved into afresh salt water without additives and, except 3 fishes dead duringtransferring, all of them were still survived for several days.

Goldfish Safety Test

[0190] To fresh water was mixed the high density diluted product ofexample 1 to prepare sample solutions as listed in Table 5 below. Thehigh density product means the product prepared by adding 100 g of theproduct obtained by example 1 in 300 g of water.

[0191] To individual aquarium 40 golden shiners being placed was addedwith each of the sample solutions with the corresponding density listedin Table 5. The results of measurement for survival are given in thesame table. TABLE 5 Numbers survived 24 hour Density after of samplestarting 48 96 solution test hour hour 739 mg/liter 20/60 19/60 17/60554 mg/liter 25/60 22/60 20/60 416 mg/liter 35/60 32/60 29/60 312mg/liter 26/60 23/60 20/60 231 mg/liter 36/60 33/60 31/60

Example 5

[0192] Oil Dispersion Test (Performance Effectiveness)

[0193] A diluted solution was prepared by placing the product of example1 into 3 times the amount of water. AS test oil, fuel oils No. 6 and No.2 examined by California Water Resource Control Branch (CWRCB) were usedin the present invention.

[0194] To 25 ml of either of said oils was added 5 ml of each of thediluted solutions and the resultant product being sufficiently agitated.The results of measurement for 6 times repeated tests were shown in bothof Tables 6 and 7 below. TABLE 6 Fuel Oil No. 6 (dispersion %) ExampleNo. Gms 10 minutes 2 hours 6 hours 1 30 39.5% 40.2% 59.8% 2 30 45.3%53.5% 63.0% 3 30 45.3% 51.1% 63.8% 4 30 38.2% 48.7% 60.4% 5 30 40.3%42.3% 55.4% 6 30 41.8% 42.2% 53.2% mean 30 41.7% 46.3% 59.27% 

[0195] For Table 6, the percentage of dispersion was determined by meansof a DU spectrophotometer indicating a monitoring range of 685-715 nm.TABLE 7 Fuel Oil No. 7 (dispersion %) Example No. Gms 10 minutes 2 hours6 hours 1 30 65.7% 67.3% 65.74%  2 30 63.8% 67.8% 65.9% 3 30 64.3% 65.2%64.9% 4 30 65.8% 66.2% 65.8% 5 30 65.3% 68.9% 76.2% 6 30 65.2% 67.4%73.6% mean 30 65.0% 67.1% 68.6%

[0196] For Table 7, the percentage of dispersion was determined by meansof another DU spectrophotometer indicating a monitoring range of 325-355nm.

Example 6

[0197] In order to examine the efficiency of example 1, 10 g of fuel oilwas added to about 1 liter of water. Afterwards the product of example 1was added dropwise to the resultant solution. During dropping everydrop, the solution was sufficiently agitated to support emulsion at apoint the tyndall effect beginning to be appeared. The solution wascontinuously stirred until striation thereof was disappeared. It wassupposed and determined that the point of starting tyndall effect to beappeared is when the dissolution process is completed. The test wasrepeatedly for 6 times and showed the results with 2% of deviation.

[0198] As a result;

[0199] 1) dispersion of fuel oil No. 2 (10 g); 2 ml of the product fromexample 1 was required.

[0200] 2) dispersion of fuel oil No. 6 (log); 1 ml of the product fromexample 1 was required.

[0201] 3) less than 0.5 parts of product per 1000 salt was completelydissolved at 15° C.

[0202] 4) 30 parts of product per 1000 salt was completely dissolved at15° C.

Example 7

[0203] Soil contaminated by perchloro ethylene, methylethyl ketone,heptane, logh-chain hydrocarbons, oil, gas oil and diesel fuel was underreclamation by applying the product of example 1 to the soil. It isunderstood that the present inventive product is very effective to washand clean the contaminated soil with such as hydrocarbons as the productwas provided in an amount of 2 barrels to 20×60 yards² of area andhaving 1 ft of depth.

[0204] As a result, it has been expected that if about 1 drum(55gallons) of product as diluted with 154 gallons is used, 20 yards² ofarea contaminated can be reclaimed.

[0205] The result obtained is as follows;

[0206] Soil Reclamation test: ERA helicopter, Juneau, Alaska

[0207] Condition: Extremely bad soil-natured and very severelycontaminated soil with diesel oil

[0208] Degree of contamination: EPH 5890 ppm

[0209] Result of treatment: EPH 30.8 ppm

[0210] Target value: EPH 1000 ppm

[0211] BTEX value: not detected

[0212] Treatment method: washing

[0213] EPH: Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons

[0214] BETX: Total Volatile Aromatic Organics

[0215] From the measurement result of this test, it is evident bydetecting the residual contamination degree that the present inventiveproduct of example 1 has superior efficiency to wash and clean soilcontaminated with hydrocarbons.

Example 8

[0216] Effect to contribute reclamation and environmental treatment ofsoil (soil remedial and cleaning)

[0217] Soil contaminated by hydrocarbon compounds was treated byspray-spreading the diluted product of example 1 with desired density onsurface of the soil. After the treatment, capillary tubes in the soilwere changed into air tubes. As the temperature variation of soiltreated by the product was determined, it was found that the temperaturemeasured 1 ft under the soil kept a range of 7-10° F. This is 1-1.5° F.higher than the temperature of adjacent soil not treated by the product.Consequently, such variation of temperature shows that the product flowinto said air tubes actively is under active oxidation with cations ofthe soil.

Example 9

[0218] Structured deactivation technology of hydrocarbons

[0219] Overview of structured deactivation technology in connection withthe product of example 1 which illustrates the decomposition treatmentof long-chain hydrocarbons into inert structured components is describedas follows;

[0220] 1) A first structural feature to emulsify hydrocarbons undernatural environment of such as water or soil; the product of example 1comprising alumina silicate containing CdS sol is produced bysynthesizing surfactants in a complex form and designed as a structureto accomplish powerful emulsification between water/oil and oil/water atrelatively low temperature. Therefore, as one of original structurefeatures possible to emulsify such as physical property, the product iscomposed of submicron granules having a particle unit ranged of10⁻⁵-10⁻⁷ cm to easily break molecular binding rings of organismscomprising hydrocarbons, thereby, to emulsify and disperse the organismsinto submicron granules, compared with other existing surfactants oremulsifying agents. Accordingly, it has been found that the inventiveproduct can produce emulsion having large surface area.

[0221] Therefore, when measured emulsified oil particles by JELC CX-100TEM (transmission electron microscope) operating at 12 kV to analyzeparticle unit thereof, it has been found that crude oil generally hasHLB 4-14, while HLB11-13.5 for lighter crude oil and HLB 15.8 for heavyoil. Accordingly, it will be understood that the present inventiveproduct having an inherent HLB of 15.8 comprises a theoreticallypossible structure to actively emulsify and disperse petroleum compoundscontaining general fossil fuel oil with long-chain hydrocarbons.

[0222] It was evident that emulsoid produced by the present inventiveproduct has less than 1 82 m of particle unit, which is compared withemulsoid having around 100 μm by using conventional emulsifying agent.This means that the present product is an acceptor capable ofemulsifying petroleum compounds with particle unit much smaller than byknown emulsifying agent.

[0223] 2) A second structural feature to act as a cellular shield toapply the activity of alumina silica particles; the product immediatelyreact with hydrocarbons to emulsify oil particles insoluble to water ina short time and to remove the inherent ability of oil.

[0224] The cellular shield formed by alumina silica is defined as a kindof porous adsorbent having either of the structural features, one ofwhich is amorphous to form honey comb and the other being complexporosity maze.

[0225] The internal structure of the alumina silica cell is composed ofa specified material to allow the decomposed hydrocarbons and the liketo be adsorbed inside trapping holes having uniform porous maze toseparate and accept the hydrocarbons in order to prevent leaching ofthem into surrounding environment.

[0226] The product was observed as an alumina silica cell substratehaving cellular shield structure, when optically analyzed for itsstructural form and determined by Transmission electron microscope(TEM). These particles are, in principle, Al₂SiO₂ cadmium particles andhave trace of additional ions such as mannose and potassium sulfide.Further, it has also demonstrated by other manners such as SEM analysis,energy dispersion X-ray analysis and spectrophotometry method that theinventive product is constructed of alumina silica and CdS sol having aparticle unit of about 10⁻⁵ μm with large surface area.

Example 10

[0227] When spaying the product of example 1 diluted in 20-40 times (%by weight) of water onto oil, the oil particles is emulsified anddispersed in a form of supermicron particles. It has been found thathydrocarbons adsorbed into trapping holes of the product can absorboxygen in UV and atmosphere, transfer ozone to prompt photo-oxidationand activate biodegradable decomposition of emulsified oil particlesbecause of inherent characteristics owned by such product.

[0228] A mixture of 33.7% Bentonite of (Al₂Fe_(1.67)Mg_(0.45))Si₄O₁₀(Na⁺,Ca⁺⁺ _(0.38)) containing montmorillinoite, 2.3% magnesium sulfateand 45.5% water was heated at 320-356° F. to evaporate waver, then, theresultant material having porous bead particles of 24 mesh entraped Cystversus motil cells as toxic component of red tide (HAB) to prevent orinhibit the propagation of dinoflagellates derived therewith, whenspreading to HAB derived sea.

Example 11

[0229] The product of example 1 diluted with 20-40 times % by weight ofwater was spread to surface of the sea covered with petroleum oil aroundopen sea area. After the treatment, oil particles were immediatelyemulsified to loss their own feature. The resulting oil film wasconverted into water-soluble material and rapidly dispersed over the seawith the help of wind and tide, and finally disappeared by means ofelemental reduction caused by biodegradable decomposition. It isunderstood that the diluent whether fresh water or salt water shows thesame effect and, in the process of spreading the product by a sprinklership, the propeller strongly agitates the product spread on oil layer toassist the emulsifying and dispersion effect and to prevent theemulsified oil particles to be combined each other.

[0230] By such treatment, the glittering of oil layer suspended onsurface of the sea was completely eliminated when the product wasrepeatedly spread 3 times while reducing its density and rotating theship from outer periphery side toward inside until the oil layer wasfully emulsified. In addition, it was evident not to cause precipitationof oil particles which were emulsified onto surface of the sea.

[0231] The spreader (or sprayer) equipped to the sprinkler ship used inthe present invention was DUPLEX FORM PROPERTIMER.

[0232] The product of example 1 was used in an amount of 8 gallons as adiluted solution with 16 gallons of sea water. As a result of thispractical experiment, it has been found that such product spread andagitated under 90-120 psi can emulsify and disperse about 70 gallons ofbunker C oil. The sample taken was evident to be biologically andabsolutely decomposed and disappeared 101 days after the treatment, inthe presence of oxygen. The product of example 1 showed most efficiencywhen it was in a diluted state with desired times rather than notdiluted state.

[0233] Consequently, it will be expected that the material and dilutiontimes of the present product to provide optimum effect are dependent onwind and tide conditions and thickness of spread oil layer and the like,and should be appropriately controlled within a desired range ofdilution.

Example 12

[0234] A solution prepared by diluting the product of example 1 in 20times of water was effectively used to wash and clean main engine andother auxiliary machineries stained with oil. Also, another solutiondiluted in 50 times of water serves as a beneficial remover of residualand/or dregs deposited to engine room in a ship, exhaust gas or smokeresidual.

[0235] If materials such as iron or steel are settled in a sedimentationtank containing the product of example 1 diluted in 5 times of water,light rust on the iron or steel could be easily removed, the residenttime thereof being controlled depending on the degree of contamination.

[0236] The product is still effective to eliminate or clean mold onrope, sail, interiors, bilge (or keel-blocks) and so on.

Example 13

[0237] By using spinner head lowering into tank, small amount of thesolution was sufficiently sprayed onto oil surface with a compressionpump enough to cover the entire surface of the oil area and stood for 1hour to allow the diluted product to be fully absorbed into the oil,thereby, to obtain maximum efficiency thereof. Subsequently, with 40times low density diluted solution, the inside of the tank was washedthen pumped outward. The stand time of 1 is required to form abutter-worth system of oil particles over about 30 minutes. The washedinner wall of the tank is wholly wet and means the completion of removalof oil. At this time, if gas is generated inside the tank and a dilutedsolution composed of the product of example 1 in 20 times of water issprayed into the tank, it forms gas.

[0238] As a result of this example, it has been found that the presentinventive product is very effective to reduce and remove crude oil orother petroleum material from the inside of storage tank and tankeraround engine room and boiler of ship.

Example 14

[0239] A solution was prepared by diluting 8 gallons of the product fromexample 1 in 80-100 gallons of water. The solution was filled in thebilge of a ship to completely eliminate oil residual of the bilge. It isdemonstrated that the solution effectively prevents corrosion andremoves bad odor caused by the oil residual.

[0240] Practically, in case of the ship at sea, rolling of hull shakesthe solution enough to wash the bilge. However, in order to assist thesolution to absorb oil particles the solution must spray under highpressure. If the product entirely absorb oil particles, it generatesemulsification state not to form oil layer.

Example 15

[0241] A solution was prepared by diluting the product from example 1 in60-80 times of water. In this solution placed were working apparatus ofship or fishing net to remove fishy smell and provide washing effect. Asa result, it is demonstrated that the present inventive product hashigh-performance to remove bad odor including fishy smell and todecompose serum and hemoglobin component.

Example 16

[0242] The present inventive product was effectively used in a deinkingprocess of used paper including printed news paper and in a scouringprocess of pulp fiber.

[0243] In the scouring process, the product is blending with the pulpfiber in 1-6% by weight (0.2-0.33% based on weight of pulp fiber).

[0244] The product is added to 94-99% water to form a crushed slurry.The slurry is under heating at 32-82° C. to efficiently carry outdeinking process of paper and/or scouring of pulp fiber.

[0245] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, it is mostimportant to precipitate the printed paper in a precipitation solutionafter it was primarily settled into the solution comprising saidproduct. Additionally, the crushing process should be carried out withinthe precipitation solution so that it accomplishes higher efficiency inthe deinking process of paper and/or scouring of pulp fiber.

[0246] As sufficient amount of peroxide was added to the slurry to makeit in pH 9-10, it was demonstrated that the slurry has simultaneouslybleaching ability. Water used in this example whatever hard water orsoft water showed a beneficial feature of not changing sensibilitythereof caused by the water quality.

[0247] Also, when limited amount of peroxide was added, it wasappreciated that the corrosive chemicals such as caustic soda needed notto be added compatible with that.

[0248] Contrary to other known pre-treatment in the deinking processrequiring addition of excessive caustic soda, the present inventiveproduct has superior efficiency in the deinking and scouring processesto prevent yellowing discoloration or lowering of quality of fiber.

[0249] The deinking process of the present invention utilizedconventional pulp washer and was performed in the following procedures:

[0250] Crushed paper was introduced into a settlement bath containing0.33% (by weight) of the product from example 1. The paper was under acrushing process at 80 to form thickened pulp slurry, then transferredinto a washing screen to primarily wash it. Afterward, the washed slurrywas moving into a defibering equipment. The defibering equipment keptits temperature at 60° C. and contained a water-soluble solution havingan activity of 0.33%, which was composed of the first washed waste waterand a fresh water by half and half and added with said product. That is,half the total amount of waste water can be reused.

[0251] By such treatment procedure, the pulp slurry generated from thethird washing process with the secondary waster water could be rinsed byfresh water.

[0252] Such a series of deinking processes are accomplished by keepingthe slurry and temperature conditions to be under a constant state andapplied to existing manufacturing installation such as the production offace flyes of the wall using 100% used papers.

[0253] Therefore, it will be appreciated that front liner of gypsumboard is able to economically produce wall board liner clear andbrighter than by manilla lined

Example 17

[0254] This example relates the application of the product from example1 to clean and wash outer side of aircrafts.

[0255] According to the specification CDS #1 in relation to the cleaningof aircrafts defined by Douglas Co., U.S.A., it was performed by ASTM(American Standard Testing Method) as follows:

[0256] 1) Based on the specification CDS# Spec per Para/G-1 in relationto the cleaning of aircrafts defined by Douglas Co., said product as 35times diluted solution was measured according to ASTM, F502. The resultsdemonstrated that reduction of paint hardness, discoloration or stainswere not present.

[0257] 2) Based on the specification CDS# Spec per Para/G-2 defined byDouglas Co., said product was measured according to ASTM, F485. Theresults demonstrated that residuals or stains were not present.

[0258] 3) Based on the specification CDS# Spec per Para/G-3 defined byDouglas Co., said product used in the washing of connecting parts inaircraft made of aluminum alloy was measured according to ASTM forSandwich Corrosion Test. The results demonstrated that corrosion thereofwas not present.

[0259] 4) Based on the specification CDS# Spec per Para/G-4 defined byDouglas Co., said product used in the washing of acrylic plastic partsin aircraft was measured according to ASTM F484 for Stress Crasing onAcrylic Plastic Test. The results demonstrated that cracks or otherdamages at a stress level of 4,500 psi per in² were not observed.

[0260] 5) Based on the specification CDS# Spec per Para/G-6 for cadmiumremoval test in the washing of aircrafts defined by Douglas Co.,specimen of low-hydrogen embrittlement cadmium plated steel was takenfor the cadmium removal test. The results demonstrated that reduction ofcadmium content in weight was not observed.

[0261] 6) Both of the product of example 1 not diluted and a dilutedsolution of said product in 30 times of water were measured in liquidprecipitation test for hydrogen embrittlement characteristics caused bythe washing of aircraft. The result of the original product demonstratedunder the requirement condition below that.

[0262] On the contrary, the diluted solution demonstrated that nohydrogen embrittlement was observed in every part of the aircraft.

[0263] Therefore, it is understood that the present inventive product ofexample 1 does not derive fatigue crystallization of metal due tohydrogen embrittlement.

[0264] Standard for Determination${HP}_{tc} = {\frac{{Test}\quad {HP}\quad {solution} \times 100}{{Calibration}\quad {HP}} \leq 1}$

Example 18

[0265] The product of example 1 showed high efficiency of washing whenit was used in the compression washing process.

[0266] In order to obtain optimum results, said product was diluted with20-40 times of water. The product was spraying by an apparatus equippedwith 20° Vee Jet type nozzle for injecting 2-3 gallons per minute at apressure range of 500-550 lbs.

[0267] In the injection washing process under pressure, amount of wateradded to said product for diluting it varies within 20-40 times saidproduct depending on desired concentration of the diluted solutionsaccording to their applications. The concentration of solution can becontrolled dependent on degree of contamination. Further, it has beenfound that when the nozzle of the apparatus is spaced at 8 inch intervalfrom surface of the object to be washed and injects at 45°, the greatestresults were obtained.

Example 19

[0268] The product of example 1 diluted in 5-15 times of water canremove grease.

[0269] Dependent on degree of contamination, the dilution ratio ofproduct in water can be varied within 5-10 times.

[0270] The diluted solution was applied to effectively remove grease byrubbing it with brush on the grease, spraying 5 times diluted solutionor by means of liquid precipitation process. Particularly, in case ofseverely hardened grease, an emulsifying agent prepared by blending saidproduct, water and kerosene, hydrocarbon base solvent, diesel fuel orstandard solvent in a ratio of 1:3:5 by parts is preferably used.

Example 20

[0271] Mold was effectively removed by injecting a diluted solution ofthe product from example 1 in 40-60 times of water at 30-40° C. underhigh pressure.

[0272] Said product can reduce bad odor, prevent transfer of nutrientsneeded for generating enzymes, thereby, to remove bacteria and tracematerials growing germs, molds or fungi necessary to enzyme reaction.More particularly, it was discovered that said product has a performanceto inhibit or control enzyme generation since trace of bacteriaparticles are adsorbed, entrapped into trapping holes having dead endedmaze structure of colloidal particles in said product and films areformed to block the nutrient transferring materials.

[0273] Accordingly, it will be appreciated that said product with suchfunctional characteristics can replace the prior known chemicals such asbactericides of quarternary ammonium in the sanitary washing process formachinery, apparatus and installation and packaging materials used ingeneral food industry, and used as a safe detergent in variousapplications.

Example 21

[0274] In a hand-washing test for automobile, a solution of the productof example 1 diluted with 80-100 times of water can be preferably usedto wash outer side of an automobile by rubbing with a soft linen clothwet by said solution and rinsing with water, without causing skinstimulation or de-fatting or de-greasing affect. In particular, in caseof such as engine parts of truck or automobile needed to wash by hand, adiluted solution in 5 times of water is spraying on the engine, then,the engine standing for 20 minutes and being washed with water toclearly remove oil inside the engine and grease, and other contaminants.

[0275] In case of washing radiator in a small automobile, 1 cup of thepresent product was introduced into the radiator. After driving the cardriven for 1 week, used water of the radiator was discarded and freshwater was filled together with ½ cup of said product into the radiator.Additionally, in order to buffer the electrolysis, a little amount(about ½ tea spoon) of sodium bicarbonate of NaHCO₃ was added to theradiator. By this test, it has been found that the present product canprevent clogging of the radiator and perform additional functions toincrease cooling ability thereof.

[0276] Therefore, in case of large cars (truck or bus) three-quarters ofthe present product was added to circulation water and, after drivingthe car for one day, used water was discarded and fresh water was filledinto the radiator, as well as addition of 3 ounces of said product tomaintain clean circulation water

[0277] Accordingly, it is possible to eliminate confused washing processof the radiator carried out under stopping condition for 4 hours due toclogging of the radiator and to reduce cost per time. In this case, onets (tea spoon) amount of sodium bicarbonate must be added to the productto prevent electrolysis.

[0278] Alternatively, an emulsifying agent prepared by blending saidproduct, water and one selected from kerosene, hydrocarbon base solvent,diesel fuel or standard solvent in a ratio of 1:3:5 by parts ispreferably used to much effectively wash grease film coated on surfaceof a new automobile. It has been also found that The waster watertreated by using such emulsifying agent can be provided to food chain ofmicroorganisms to lead biodegradable decomposition thereof.

Example 22

[0279] It will be understood that the product of example 1 can beavailable for the industrial installation having water- orvapor-circulation apparatus such as power plant since it performsexcellent function to prevent and inhibit clogging of tube andgeneration of water scale in vapor-discharging tube.

Example 23

[0280] It will be understood that the product of example 1 can beavailable for the supersonic washing process of ferrous or non-ferrousmetals. Particularly, when said product was diluted in 15 times of waterand used to wash the metals at 35-40° C., it showed the greatest effect.Also, in case of low temperature of the solution, 5 times dilutedsolution was most preferably used.

Example 24

[0281] If the product of example 1 is added to 3 times of cutting oil orlubricant, thermal resistance and lubrication ability thereof tends toincrease so that freezing of cooling water and solidification of oil canbe efficiently prevented.

[0282] When said product is used as a lubricating agent of metal cuttingsaw blade, it can increase cutting power because of its ability toreduce load of the saw blade. Also, it can remove the adhesiveness ofblade, satisfy the lubricating property required to cut aluminum and thecooling effect needed to cut titanium.

[0283] A solution of the product diluted in 5 times of water can replacethe cutting oil in case of threading of stainless steel pipe.Alternatively, another solution of the product diluted in 3 times ofwater can show superior lubricating effect in the formation of tappingholes in magnesium steel.

[0284] Accordingly, such additional characteristics of the presentinventive product allow the product to be useful in various applicationssuch as mechanical industries and machinery plants.

Example 24

[0285] The product of example 1 has excellent features to removedifferent metal compounds and to inhibit re-corrosion thereof.Therefore, by rubbing, spraying or depositing said product to wash thepainted or non-painted surface of a metal whatever it is ferrous ornon-ferrous metal, it is possible to satisfy the requirement ofMIL-C-44361-613-Class 2 as one of American Military SpecificationRegulation to eliminate oil and grease.

[0286] Therefore, said product can be used in the washing process ofrepairing parts for electrical or mechanical apparatus, and also showflexibility to rinse or handle such as typewriter, cash register,calculating device, computer, cash accounting device, counter, parkingmeter, telephone component and the like.

[0287] Finally, the product has originally high lubricating point, goodcapability to remove metal oxides and perform its buffer effect toalleviate the re-corrosion phenomenon.

Example 26

[0288] The product, water and standard solvent or diesel was mixed in aration of 1:3:5 times by weight of them, respectively.

[0289] The mixture was adjusted by adding solvent-like emulsifying agentto advantageously effect the decarbonization of deposited carbon and toremove gas residues in aircraft or automobile. Also the present productcan favorably effect to solidified carbon or dust, exhaust gas residues,vanish, fuel glaze on so on which are difficult to remove, and also incase of being required highly technical consideration of buffering orinhibiting infringement on metal or coating surface of aircraft duringwashing process. When a vertical washing solution should coat at rightangle to a surface perpendicular to the solution, a solution prepared bymixing the product of example 1 and water in a ratio of 1:1 then addingit into 5 times a standard solvent or diesel oil to form solvent-typeemulsifying agent is preferably used. It is very important that suchcombination ratio beneficially effects to form a detergent having ahigher viscous ability to allow the detergent to be adhered to thevertical surface, thereby, its principle capability of washing.

[0290] Therefore, such performance test demonstrated that the presentproduct satisfies the conditions and/or specifications defined by MIC-C,Boeing Douglas Co., Rockheed for detergent of outer side of aircraft.

[0291] At first, the product in example 1 is added to a circulationwater in 100:1 ratio and used to run and wash the boiler with thecirculation water. After the washing, the boiler is added with theproduct in 100:1 ratio and runs and is subject to data determinationthereof. As a result, it was demonstrated that the boiler has increasedthermal efficiency by 20-30% and showed reduction of fuel consumption by35-40% for the boiler continuously circulation-activating.

[0292] However, when the boiler was stopping for one or two days thethermal efficiency was sharply decreased and in case of continuouslyrunning the boiler, could be continuously increased by supporting theproduct of example 1 by about 3% every 5 days. In a practical andpreferred embodiment of the present invention, such as industrial orhigh-compressing boilers were excluded from the present test due to thegeneration of air bubbles. Also, the test was performed to determine theutility of low-pressure and multi-pipes flowing-through type boiler. Theboiler subjected are as follows:

[0293] 1) Type: multi-pipes flowing-through type vapor boiler

[0294] 2) Model No.: FIX-1000 WK (Johnson, Japan)

[0295] 3) Heating Surface Area: 1.92 m²

[0296] 4) Maximum work pressure: 10 kg/cm²

Example 28

[0297] It was demonstrated that the product of example 1 has muchfavorable wetting ability to collect dust. More practically, a solutionof the product in 80-100 times of water can ideally collect dust. Thus,this product has utility for the applications with problems of dustgeneration such as assembly apparatus of electronics industry,manufacturing industries such as pharmaceutical, food, spinning millsand textile industry and/or storage shed of given missiles with highsensitivity to electronic response, furniture, civil engineering or etc.The product is provided for optimum effect by means of fog-sprayingmethod using injection nozzles with diluted solution indoors; oil truckor sprinkler in case of civil engineering and building field outdoors. Adiluted solution is produced by introducing water into the tank thenadding the product of example 1. In order to prevent scattering of flysor powders, about 2% phyco-colloids are added to said product toincrease viscosity thereof, thereby, to efficiently control scatteringof the powers at spraying the solution to powders

Example 29

[0298] The product of example 1 has high entrapping ability of hardwater ions, and when the hard water has up to 50 grains of the waterhardness, the product is added to water held in the boiler in an amountof 0.2% by weight and shows good ability to inhibit generation ofscales.

[0299] In addition, said product can decompose water scum and haveutility to various application including water pipe, sewage disposalplant and so on.

[0300] As the use of product, it is diluted in water at a low densityratio then gradually increasing the amount of addition because of thewater discharge being varied depending on the position.

Examples 30

[0301] It will be under stood that the product of example 1 ispreferably used in applications having area difficult to wash it.

[0302] Accordingly, the product which is stable to human body and hasecologically stable and environmentally friendship accepters can be usedin a wide application in consideration for the combination of variousfunctions not limited to washing process. As illustrated above, thepresent inventive product has specified technical features differentfrom existing detergents.

[0303] More practically, additional functions beside the washing arelisted as follows;

[0304] 1) the product of example 1 is diluted in 30 times of water toform a diluted solution, which washes wall or acrylic wall or surface ofbath tub to be painted without forming cracks or soap scum and withoutgenerating plasticizer. In case of washing wooden material, itdemonstrates neither stain, striped lines nor adverse-effect such ascoarse-grained texture. Thus, the present product can be applied to bathtub, toilet bowl, as well as bowling pin, floor, desk, chair, cabinet,railing, etc. by spraying the solution onto it. The sprayed solution hascolloidal particles dispersed into the solution to form a coating filmonto the washed surface and to buff or reduce the attraction to preventdust powders from adsorbing on the surface. With a microscope it wasmonitored the dust particles were not adsorbed to surface of the objectand were suspended in the solution.

[0305] 2) The product of example 1 is diluted in 80-100 times of waterto form a diluted solution, which is used to clean footcloth or carpetwith a vacuum cleaner and shows excellent benefits to entrap bacteria orother microorganisms surviving within fiber or hair thereof. Then, theproduct can perform sanitary washing process without other generaldetergent.

[0306] Furthermore, the product of example 1 is diluted in 40 times ofwater to form a diluted solution, which is used to remove stain with asoft brush or sponge. In this case, if the density of the dilutedsolution is high the solution it causes the remained solution on carpetto stain bottom side of footwear. Thus, the density of the dilutedsolution should be low in order to efficiently remove the stain or othertrace.

[0307] 3) The product of example 1 is applicable to wash any kind oftextiles such as bed cover, towel, table cover, napkin and so on andremove even stains difficult to remove with common detergent, by aspecific physical combination of the product.

[0308] Examples of the stains and spots removed by the present inventiveproduct are as follows:

[0309] Alcohol, food stain, ammonia, fruit, mustard, beer, fruit juice,bloodstain, gelatin, nicotine, paste, vegetable oil, animal fat, candy,ointment, chewing gum, light rust, chocolate, cement for housing, shoepolish, cocktail, ice cream, smoke, stain, coffee, ink, soft drink,cologne water, perfume, iodine, color pen, ketchup, sugar, lipstick,paste stain, cosmetic, mayonnaise, black tea, medicine, watercolor,metallic brightener, water stain, dye, non-acrylic wax, egg, mold, wine,etc. For case of hard stain, the product of example 1 not diluted isdirectly applied to the stain area and, after about 15 minutes, iswashed by fresh water to result in a clean state without stain. Also,for very severe and old stains, the product of example 1 not diluted isdirectly applied to the stain area and, by rubbing it with hands or witha soft brush and after standing it for 15-30 minutes, the resultingmaterial is washed with fresh water to obtain a clean and non-stainedstate.

[0310] The product of example 1 is diluted in water in a ratio of 1ounce (about 28 cc): 1 gallons (3.785 liters) for both to a solutioncapable of mixed with detergent powder or BORAX available fromcommercial market. The combined mixture has much stronger washingability, thereby, the amount of detergent powder being remarkablyreduced. The combined mixture can solve the problem of skin-stimulationcaused by residual of the detergent powder because of the amount of thedetergent powder being reduced. Thus, it is possible to preventre-precipitation of the contaminants and to accomplish clear and morebrighten washing process.

[0311] 4) The product of example 1 is diluted in 80-100 times of waterto form a diluted solution, which is used to wash glass bowl and/orceramic wear and to obtain high crystallinity and transparency washingresult without finger print stain. This characteristic is widelyutilized in various applications such as sanitary washing of cup orcrystal wear used in hotel or bar, chandelier, decorations, etc.

[0312] 5) The product of example 1 is diluted in 40 times of water toform a diluted solution, which is spraying to acoustical tile andabsorbed into a catch cloth to remove accumulated nicotine. This productis also used to wash surfaces of vinyl, plastic, formica, leather,wooden object, ceramic, fiber and textile, glass, ivory or chromiumwithout damage to them

[0313] The product of example 1 is diluted in 80-100 times of water toform a diluted solution, which is added to cement to result the mixtureto be effectively dispersed and absorbed into sands at high speed, torapidly progress flowing of air to prompt the condensation with highdensity and, for instance cement, to noticeably reduce stress cracksdepending on change of temperature after drying due to thermal resistantgelatin film between condensation particles. Accordingly, the producthaving low-surface tension and high-dispersion ability extensivelyeffects to hydrate and condensate supermicron particles or to formconcentrate of cement.

[0314] 7) The product of example 1 is applicable to wash apparatus,machinery, installation in food industrial process, and satisfies thespecification regulation applied to mechanical or vapor-applicablewashing processes as a cleaner for surface of the food working area, forexample, operated according to a study program for poultry, shellfishand egg working articles by agricultural administration, U.S.A.

[0315] In particular, when the product is used in the vapor-applicablewashing process, the can replace 2 kg of conventional powdered detergentas used in only 30-60 g in order to solve the clogging of valve or pipesby the detergent or to remove water scum on vapor-coil. Also, forvapor-injection nozzle, 1 kg of detergent powders can be replaced with10-15 g of the present inventive product. Accordingly, said product issafe to any kind of surfaces to allow application of vapor and to extendlife time of the washer because of no water scum deposited on thevapor-coil.

[0316] 8) The product of example 1 showed no residuals of bacteria whenit was used as kitchen detergent in homes and restaurants. Thus, saidproduct has advantageous of adsorbing, entrapping and washing bacteriawithout toxic elements such as quarternary ammonium chlorinate salt as aknown bactericide or sterilizer so that it can be useful in a wideapplication such as sanitary washing process.

[0317] 9) The product of example 1 effects to allow animal to havesofter and more lustrous lie of fur and/or hair and to remove the smellwhen it was used in bathing the animal having fur. By a microscopicinspection, no parasite was monitored in the animal bathed with thepresent inventive product. Thus, it will be appreciated that saidproduct is useful in a specific application such as the treatment of furcoats in home and the care of pets.

[0318] 10) When the product of example 1 was prepared by adding chelateagents having entrapping ability various hard water ions and within ahard water having 65.3 crane, it was demonstrated that said product hasexcellent entrapping ability as a stronger washing power by 45.3%,compared with a control detergent without chelate agents. The controldetergent was prepared by using LAS (Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonic acid)synthetic detergent as a base material and adding chelate agents havingentrapping ability of different hard water ions. The results thisexamination were listed in Table 8 below: TABLE 8 LAS Na₂SO₄ Na₂CO₃Na₂SiO₂ Na₂P₂O₇ Zeolite Washing (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) A rate (%) No  0 0 0  0  0 100   pre- pared 40 60 116.5 40 20 40  118.0 40 20 40 134.0 4020 20 20 141.0 40 20 40 142.0 40 10 20 142.5 Product  0 0  0  0 145.3 ofex- ample 1

[0319] As illustrated above, it was demonstrated that the product ofexample 1 has a buffering activity to form stable complex with metalions in hard water within a wide range of pH8.3-10.5 and to block thosemetal ions so that it can have greater dispersing capability to dispersecontaminants during washing process, compared with other chelate agents.Especially, the inventive product is a porous colloidal active materialand had additional function to easily entrap hydrated Mg⁺⁺ ions havingparticle size larger than the pore of such material. Thus, the productefficiently performs to buffer such hydrated magnesium ions.Furthermore, such product is conveniently applicable to a washingprocess for home use requiring relatively short-time treatment since itdoes not take long time for activating the ion-exchanging reaction withCa⁺⁺ ions. In addition, the product can make dispersion of contaminantto be in stable state and has superior functional advantage of bufferingre-precipitation activity with fiber because of its high hydrophilicproperty.

[0320] As the test cloth treated in the test disclosed above, used wasdirty cotton cloth with contaminants having composition below; TABLE 9Composition of contaminants in test cloth (% by weight) ComponentsContent Moisture  3 Sand, soil 45 Gypsum (calcium compound)  5 Lime  5Animal protein 12 Molecules dissolved in alcohol 10 (resin, gum, fattyacid) Molecules dissolved in ether 10 (fat, oil, rubber, asphalt) others 2

[0321] 11) The product of example 1 has a characteristic feature of CdSsol to efficiently absorb UV and radiate blue side visible ray havingshort wavelength so that it can lead white color to be whiter andbrighter even without addition of fluorescent agent. Practically, incase of using the fluorescent whitening agent, it was found that thewhitening agent widely used in washing process comprises selectivelyfluorescent materials with relatively high dyeing-speed and durabilityagainst chlorine bleaching agent, thereby, is less effective tosynthetic fibers such as nylon or polyester during washing process. Onthe contrary, the present inventive product provides excellent whitenessand brighter coloring effect to even the synthetic fibers includingnylon or polyester without causing yellowness appearance, compared withthe general fluorescent whitening agent. Also, when used the presentproduct, the cloth having even pastel tone colors was not dimmed ordecolorated contrary to the whitening agent.

[0322] 12) As a result of determining and comparing washing efficiencyof both of the product of example 1 and existing bleaching agent, suchproduct without adding sodium perborate (NaBO₃.4H₂O) or sodium carbonateperoxide (NaCO₃.2H₂O) showed superior washing effect over the knownbleaching agent. TABLE 10 Washing effect of the detergent combined withbleaching agent (increasing rate of whiteness (%)) Detergent (linearTemperature (° C.) alkylbenzene sulfonic acid) 20 40 60 Detergent(without bleaching agent) 3.8 4.9  4.8 Detergent + sodium perborate 5.87.8 10.3 (NaBO₃·4H₂O) Detergent + sodium carbonate 6.3 8.4 11.6(NaCO₃·2H₂O₂) Product of example 1 (without 6.5 9.2 12.3 bleachingagent)

[0323] 13) The effect of the present product to starch and proteindecomposition was tested during the washing process The resultsdemonstrated that, in spite of not containing enzymes such as amylase,the phycocolloid contained in the product activated the starch andprotein to be completely decomposed so that the product even withoutprotease can by a mechanism the product being inserted between fiberstogether with other materials such as skin desorbed material, water,blood, protein food material and molds and decomposing the proteinparticles into water-soluble amino acid materials. Further, the enzymesmainly used in the washing process have varied activities depending onpH, temperature and surfactants, thereby, needed a professionalknowledge to select the desired enzymes and the bath to be kept indesired constant temperature. However, for the present product, suchconditions and/or requirements are unnecessary and, rather than, itappears greatly stable activity within a wide range of temperature. Theresult of this test was given in Table 11 below;

[0324] Comparison of Relative Activity Depending pH Values:

[0325] Considering the proper pH conditions depending on the kinds ofenzyme, alkalase and asperase were selected and compared each other,both of them being used common detergents and having good activity inalkaline system. As a result, the alkalase showed its maximum activityaround pH9 while for the asperase being appeared in a wider range ofpH10-11.

[0326] However, the product of example 1 demonstrated relatively stableactivity in a range of pH8-10.5 and, even at high temperature, continuedits stability. The result of this comparison test obtained was shown inTable 11 below; TABLE 11 Relative activity of enzyme depending on pHvalues Kind of enzyme & relative PH Condition activity(%) 8 8.5 9 9.5 1010.5 11 11.5 12 Esperase 63 90 92 95 93 87 78 Alkalase 87 89 83 65 15Product of 87 87 87 93 98 98 example 1

[0327] TABLE 12 Relative activity of enzyme depending on temperatureTemperature Condition (° C.) Enzyme 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Activity of 2538 75 92 45 alkalase (%) Product of 18 28 42 80 95 97 98 example 1

[0328] Comparison test of enzymes and washing ability relative washingWashing agent and enzymes rate (%) Linear alkylbenzene sulfonic 100 acid(only) Linear alkylbenzene sulfonic 105 acid + alkalase Na-α-olefinsulfonic acid + 128 Alkalase Product of example 1 (without 128 additionof enzyme)

Example 31

[0329] The product of example 1 was tested for adoptability to therequirements of washing and scouring processes and practical efficacythereof.

[0330] Said product is an alkaline colloidal activated compound havingpH9.5-10 at normal density. This product is conversed into weak-alkalinewater-soluble solution having pH8-8.3 by diluting the product into 1-2%water-soluble solution. The product does not generate weak acid or baseby means of reaction with H⁺ or OH⁻ ions in water.

[0331] The product was under experiments in relation with various fibersand demonstrates excellent effects. Particularly, the product did notdamage or loss the fibers such as nylon, polyester, as diluted with adiluent solution having less than pH8.5. These results are morespecifically described below:

[0332] 1) In order to test adoptability of the product of example 1 forthe requirements of cloths washing process, preparing artificiallysecretions from sebaceous gland, body wastes, metabolic desorbedmaterial, dirt caused from exterior system and so on and stainingsamples cloth with each of the artificial dirts. Afterward, it wasdemonstrated that the product appeared greatly superior washing abilityfor the secretions and dirt from exterior system after washing andrinsing those. The washing rates for each of the stains is illustratedas follows: Components of stains composition (%) washing rate (%) Stainsfrom physiological secretions and washing rate Triglyceroide 18.4 98Free fatty acid 14.6 93.8 Paraffine 0.7 98 Squaline 1.9 98.5 Cholesterol2.2 96.8 Cholesterol ester 10.0 97.0 Mono/di glyceroid/alcohol 11.7 99.5Nitrogen compound 21.5 99.0 Ash 3.0 97.3 Sodium chloride 15.3 100.0 *Composition of stains is average value of the contamination indicesdetected in every seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) * Washingrate is a mean of 5 times determined values for sample cloth afterwashing process. Stains from exterior system and washing rate Insolublecomponent 14.4 100.0 Ether soluble acid 8.3 95 Carbon synthetic compound25.7 100.0 Ash 53.5 97.3 Silicon dioxide (SiO₂) 24.5 98.7 Calciumdioxide (CaO₂) 7.0 99.0 pH (10% slurry) 7.4 — dust particles (less 4μ)53.0 100 * Composition of stains is composition of contents comprisingtypical dust in the atmosphere of city * Washing rate is a mean of 5times determined values for sample cloth after washing process.

[0333] With regard to the stains artificially prepared for thisexperiment, each component of the stains is not less than 1%, which isclassified to water-soluble, oil-soluble or other insoluble solids sincepersonals wearing clothes are living in different environments and thestains are varied.

Example 32

[0334] With regard to dirt modified by heat or chemicals or such assweat modified by oxidation difficult to decompose in water, the productof example 1 having 0.3% activity was tested for its washing ability.The stained cloths were placed into a container together with theproduct and washed and boiled at 60-65° C. for 15 minutes, then rinsedwith fresh water. The treated cloths showed greatly excellent washingability, thereby, leveled as +2.

Example 33

[0335] In order to carry out the test of washing ability of the productof example 1 having 0.3% activity against oil-soluble and lipophilicdirt not removed by common detergent, the stained cloths heated andwashed at 50° C. together with the product, then rinsed with freshwater. The result obtained was given as follows: Type of Stains andwashing rate Type of Stains washing rate (%) Modified water-solublestain 92.5 Neutral fat 73.0 Free fatty acid 93.8

Example 34

[0336] In order to carry out the test of washing ability of the productof example 1 having 0.3% activity fine and solid insoluble dirtdifficult to disperse and wash it by common detergent due to it beinginserted between fibers, the stained cloths washed with the product,then rinsed with fresh water. The treated cloths showed greatlyexcellent washing ability; The result obtained was given as follows:Washing ability of insoluble solid stains surface Kind of clothsparticle size (μm) Reflection rate (%) Nylon 2 83 Cotton 2 78 Wool 2 72$D = {\frac{R_{\omega} - R_{s}}{R_{o} - R_{s}} \times 100\%}$

[0337] D; washing rate

[0338] R_(o); surface reflection rate of white cloths

[0339] R_(s); surface reflection rate of stained cloths

[0340] R_(w); surface reflection rate of washed cloths after washingprocess

Example 35

[0341] The results of scouring effect test for the product of example 1against various fibers is as follows;

[0342] 1) cotton-cellulose (C₆H₁₀O₅)

[0343] specific gravity; 1.54

[0344] moisture regain; 7.0-8.5%

[0345] tensile strength; 60-120×10³ psi

[0346] Vat dyes, azo dyes, basic dyes, mercerizing agent, coloringagent, sulfur and reactant pigments were applied to cotton cloths, theneach of the treated cotton cloths was washed by the product of example 1having 0.3% of activity. As a result, all of the treated cloths showedglossy color and smooth feel of scouring ability.

[0347] 2) For cotton cloths treated by adding the product of example 1to mercerize, the effect of the product to scouring ability was testedand compared with other activating agent; The result obtained was givenas follows: TABLE 13 Residual content of wax at mercerization of cottoncloth and whiteness (Comparative example 1) Residual wax (%) BeforeAfter bleaching breaching Whiteness (5) Without addition of 0.26 0-30 72surfactant With addition of product 0.09 0.15 74 of example 1, 0.2% Withaddition of Alkyl 0.15 0.20 77 sulfate salt, 0.2%

[0348] TABLE 14 Addition test of 0.2% of the product from example 1depending on contents of caustic soda at mercerization of cotton cloth(Comparative Example 2) Saturated Content of residual wax (%) solution10 minutes steaming 20 minutes steaming Caustic soda 10 6 4 2 10 6 4 2content (%) No 0.324 0.367 0.363 0.404 0.350 0.380 0.405 0.435surfactant Turkey 0.2421 0.315 0.341 0.396 0.262 0.321 0.336 0.415 redoil Casolene 0.227 0.301 0.381 0.421 0.296 0.364 0.376 0.422 oil HSTeepol X 0.307 0.376 0.369 0.463 0.282 0.325 0.371 0.491 Lissolamine0.228 0.299 0.439 0.433 0.241 0.353 0.395 0.430 A Caster oil 0.063 0.2000.238 0.219 0.046 0.228 0.254 0.239 soap Product of 0.163 0.161 0.2850.297 0.132 0.135 0.152 0.301 example 1

[0349] TABLE 15 Addition test of 0.2% of the product from example 1depending on contents of caustic soda at mercerization of cotton cloth(Comparative example 3) Saturated Wetting Time (sec) solution 10 minutessteaming 20 minutes steaming caustic soda 10 6 4 2 10 6 4 2 content (%)No surfactant 2.0 5.3 12.2 8.2 1.5 2.0 1.4 8.9 Turkey red oil <1.0* <1.01.3 3.4 <0* <1.0 <1.0 2.6 Casolene oil <1.0* <1.0 <1.0 2.7 <1.0* <1.0<1.0 3.0 HS Teepol X <1.0 1.2 4.9 290.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1.2 Lissolamine A<1.0* <1.0 <1.0 2.0 <1.0* <1.0 <1.0 3.0 Caster oil <1.0* <1.0 1.7 2.6<1.0* <1.0 1.0 1.6 soap Product of <1.0* <1.0 1.3 295.3 <1.0* <1.0 1.01.3 example 1

[0350] specific gravity: 1.32

[0351] moisture regain: 11-17%

[0352] tensile strength: 17-29×10³ psi

[0353] Such wool textile is broken in hot sulfuric acid but has aresistance to weak acid.

[0354] Accordingly, sample cloths dyed with any of acidic, milling,chromium, mercerizing or indigo dyes were placed in the product ofexample 1 having 0.3 activity, respectively, and shaken to be lightlywashed. Thereafter, the washed cloths were rinsing with fresh water anddrying in the shade out of sun light. The test demonstrated that adverseeffects to damage original polish or gloss of the cloths were notmonitored. As a result, all of the treated cloths showed glossy colorand smooth feel of scouring ability. Especially, the washed samplecloths showed higher sun-light resistance and did not appear yellowness60 days after washing process.

Example 36

[0355] In order to test adoptability to soaping treatment carried outduring post-dying process for the product of example 1, soapingtreatment of Vat Dyes or colorless dyes were carried out. As a result,the product did not create change of color to the dye substrates. On thecontrary, it appeared that the shade of color was progressivelydeveloped. The test demonstrated that the product can effectively reduceloosing dyes. The spectrophotometric inspection result of the productthrough cellulose film is given in Table 16 below. TABLE 16Double-coloration of Dry pigments (64) Grade dyes Soaping C = 0 C-HVisible 1 C.I. Vat Blue 20 Before □□□□□□∥ ⊥ ∥ After ⊥ ∥ ⊥ 1 C.I. VatYellow 2 Before ∥ — ∥ After ⊥ — ⊥ 2 C.I Vat Orange 9 Before ⊥ ∥ No After⊥ ∥ ⊥ 2 C.I. Vat Green 1 Before ⊥ ∥ ∥ After ⊥ ∥ ⊥ 3 Benzamido Before ∥No ∥ derivative (C.I. After ∥ No ∥ Vat Orange 15) 4 Indigoid dyes Before⊥ — ∥ after ⊥ — ⊥

Example 37

[0356] Scouring process of wool fiber was carried out to test theproduct of example 1 in relation to adoptability and practical efficacyof the requirement for scouring process. The test was progressed as thefollowing procedures:

[0357] 1) In suint washing process, the product of example having0.5%(w/v) activity in a solution state was proved to effectively removewaste materials such as micro-organic modified wax, wax and fat secretedfrom sweat gland and as part of wool fur and other waste materialsdischarged in fabric industry. The product has a sufficient washingability to remove such waste material by saponification value of the waxcontaining K⁺ and Na⁺ ions and upwarding activity thereof. Moreover,because suitable pH for floating dirt on surface of the solution isaround 10 while for raising entrapped dirt it needs about pH 7.0,generally Sodium carbonate was added to control pH values and it derivedreduction of washing ability and yellowness of wool fibers due to thealkaline component of the additive. Therefore, in order to prevent theabove reactions it required a confused separation process.

[0358] Compared with the typical process, the present product can easilybuffer the damage caused by alkaline material and separate otherinsoluble materials at even normal range of pH8.0 by the characteristicmechanism of the colloidal materials.

[0359] 2) In Emulsifying and washing processes of wool fiber, theproduct of example 1 having 0.5%(w/v) activity was under the suintwashing process. The result demonstrated that the product providedexcellent washing effect and accomplished reduction of workingprocesses. Compare with a practical case of typical detergentscomprising sodium rollainate (2-4%) and sodium carbonate (2%) which areseverely difficult to maintain a proper pH value, and generateyellowness caused by alkaline damage and precipitation of beneficialfree saponic acid, the present product has never pH problem andcompletely buffers the alkaline damage without additives includingentrapping agent such as calgon or chelate agent to create the originalcolor of wool and to achieve preferable emulsification and washingfunctional effects. The result obtained were given as follows: TABLE 17Scouring Performance Test for Wool Factor Result (%) Residual grease (%)0.987 Residual ash (5) 1.741 Yellowness (Y-Z) 1.2 Brightness (Y) 64.5

[0360] TABLE 18 Characteristics of standard wool (for the tested)Diameter of fiber 20.9 μm Wool base 65.5% Humidity 10.4% Wax 8.5% Suint5.3% Dust 8.5% Veg. Mater Ash 11.0%

[0361] TABLE 19 Test Evaluation Method Wt. Of Temperature Residual addedDetergent Breaker Volume (ml) (° C.) time (min) (g/400 ml) (% w/v) 1 40060 1 2.0 0.50 2 400 60 1 2.0 0.50 3 400 60 1 1.0 0.25 4 2000 60 2 — —

[0362] Each of the first samples were placed in respective breaker withagitation. Water was extracted between breakers under vacuum conditionand the extracted water was recycled to the breakers to be the amountsame at the original state.

[0363] The forgoing embodiments are merely exemplary and are not to beconstrued as limiting the present invention. The present teachings canbe readily applied to other types of apparatuses. The description of thepresent invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to limit thescope of the claims. Many alternatives, modifications, and variationswill be apparent to those skilled in the art.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for manufacturing colloid aluminumsilica gel, comprising the steps of: (a) dissolving a mixing solution ofaluminum hydroxide in sulfuric acid, wherein the mixture includesaluminum oxide, silicic acid, potassium, iron oxide, sulfuric acid andwater; (b) adding potassium sulfate solution into the solution from (a),and stirring the mixture at a low temperature to produce compositionscontaining soluble aluminum double salt; (c) purifying the compositionsof the step (b) to obtain aluminum potassium sulfate with high purityand density; (d) adding aluminum silicate and water to the aluminumpotassium sulfate of the step (c) to produce alkali metalpolysilicate-sulfate water salt chelate; (e) polymerizing andprecipitating the alkali metal polysilicate-sulfate water salt chelateat a low temperature to produce pectograph of aluminum silicate sieve;(f) producing chelate by adding magnesia, iron oxide, calcium hydroxide,sodium oxide, potassium oxide, and distilled water in sequence; (g)purifying and drying the chelate of the step (f) to produce driedmicrosphere; (h) melting the dried microsphere of the step (g) at a hightemperature, cooling, hardening, and mixing with diluted sulfuric acid;(i) carrying out sequential treatments on the resultant of the step (h),that is, polymerizing, cleansing, heating, dehydrating, or drying, andperforming vapor treatment, to obtain powder aluminum silicate molecularsieve with a high absorption of which particle size is under 1μ; and (j)polymerizing the aluminum silicate molecular sieves with each otheruntil they are matured to be a highly dense heel.
 2. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein in the step (c) the compositions arecontinuously heated and stirred, and 0.1% of enzyme by weight is slowlydropped thereto.
 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step(d) aluminum sulfate and aluminum silicate are mixed at a ratio of 1:3by weight and water is added to produce 24-water salt alkali metalpolysilicate-sulfate chelates.
 4. The method according to claim 1further comprise a step, in which the matured heel from the step (j)passes through an ion-exchange resin layer several times to produce verypure and consistent colloid aluminum silica gel, and later theconsistent colloid is crushed.
 5. A surfactant having characteristic ofboth silica and alumina, being void of any chemical bond to formpolymers by reacting with other molecules in the ecosystem, having anability of metal substitution of zeolite at a low temperature, andcontaining evenly purified colloid aluminum silica gel having theparticle size within a range of from several nm to several μm for adiameter.
 6. The surfactant according to claim 5; the aluminum silicagel is manufactured by the method comprising the steps of: (a)dissolving a mixing solution of aluminum hydroxide in sulfuric acid,wherein the mixture includes aluminum oxide, silicic acid, potassium,iron oxide, sulfuric acid and water; (b) adding potassium sulfatesolution into the solution from (a), and stirring the mixture at a lowtemperature to produce compositions containing soluble aluminum doublesalt; (c) purifying the compositions of the step (b) to obtain aluminumpotassium sulfate with high purity and density; (d) adding aluminumsilicate and water to the aluminum potassium sulfate of the step (c) toproduce alkali metal polysilicate-sulfate water salt chelate; (e)polymerizing and precipitating the alkali metal polysilicate-sulfatewater salt chelate at a low temperature to produce pectograph ofaluminum silicate sieve; (f) producing chelate by adding magnesia, ironoxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, and distilledwater in sequence; (g) purifying and drying the chelate of the step (f)to produce dried microsphere; (h) melting the dried microsphere of thestep (g) at a high temperature, cooling, hardening, and mixing withdiluted (thin) sulfuric acid; (i) carrying out sequential treatments onthe resultant of the step (h), that is, polymerizing, cleansing,heating, dehydrating, or drying, and performing vapor treatment, toobtain powder aluminum silicate molecular sieve with a high absorptionof which particle size is under 1μ; and (j) polymerizing the aluminumsilicate molecular sieves with each other until they are matured to be ahighly dense heel.
 7. The surfactant according to claim 6, wherein inthe step (c) the compositions are continuously heated and stirred, and0.1% of enzyme by weight is slowly dropped thereto.
 8. The surfactantaccording to claim 6, wherein in the step (d) aluminum sulfate andaluminum silicate are mixed at a ratio of 1:3 by weight and water isadded to produce 24-water salt alkali metal polysilicate-sulfatechelates.
 9. The surfactant according to claim 6, the method furthercomprise a step, in which the matured heel from the step (j) passesthrough an ion-exchange resin layer several times to produce very pureand consistent colloid aluminum silica gel, and later the consistentcolloid is crushed.
 10. A surfactant containing alkanol amide condensateobtained from a reaction of 12-hydroxy-cis-9-octadecanoic acid, alkanolamine and water.
 11. The surfactant according to claim 10, wherein the12-hydroxy-cis-9-octadecanoic acid is botanical ricinoleic acid which isextracted from caster oil and has a formula C₁₈H₃₄O₃.
 12. A surfactantforming spherical monodisperse colloid micell, which contains ahomogeneous mixture consisting of iso octylphenoxy polyoxy ethyleneethanol, a kind of ester of polyhydric alcohol and fatty acids having aformula of (CH₃)₃CCH₂C(CH₃)₂C₆H₄O(OC₂H₄O)₇(C₂H₄OH); nonionic surfactantof p-tert-octylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol having a formula of(CH₃)₃CCH₂C(CH₂)₃C₆H₄O(CH₂CH₂O)_(X)H; an nonionic surfactant having aformula of HOCH₂(CH₂CH₂O)_(n)CH₂OH; polyoxy ethylene and distilledwater.
 13. The surfactant according to claim 5, wherein it containsprotecting colloid for ionizing strongly negative charges.
 14. Thesurfactant according to claim 13, wherein said protecting colloid isphycocolloid prepared by extract mucilage of brown seaweed in the ocean.15. The surfactant according to claim 14, wherein said phycocolloid isone of botanical polysaccharides having a formula of (C₆H₁₂O₆)n, inwhich D(+) mannose as a main component possesses more than 9 glycosidiclinkage.
 16. The surfactant according to claim 5, wherein it comprises asmall amount of electro deposit photocatalyst in a water-soluble statewith a suitable density.
 17. The surfactant according to claim 16,wherein the electro deposit photocatalyst is selected from a groupconsisting cadmium chloride having a formula, Cd(ClO₄)₂26H₂O,tetrahydrofuran as cyclic ether, and cadmium sulfide colloid activesieve that is prepared by mixing a long ring-chain alkanethiol withsulfured hydrogen and dehydration drying.
 18. The surfactant accordingto claim 10, wherein it comprises a small amount of electro depositphotocatalyst in a water-soluble state with a suitable density.
 19. Thesurfactant according to claim 18, wherein the electro depositphotocatalyst is selected from a group consisting cadmium chloridehaving a formula, Cd(ClO₄)₂26H₂O, tetrahydrofuran as cyclic ether, andcadmium sulfide colloid active sieve that is prepared by mixing a longring-chain alkanethiol with sulfured hydrogen and dehydration drying.20. The surfactant according to claim 12, wherein it comprises a smallamount of electro deposit photocatalyst in a water-soluble state with asuitable density.
 21. The surfactant according to claim 20, wherein theelectro deposit photocatalyst is selected from a group consistingcadmium chloride having a formula, Cd(ClO₄)₂26H₂O, tetrahydrofuran ascyclic ether, and cadmium sulfide colloid active sieve that is preparedby mixing a long ring-chain alkanethiol with sulfured hydrogen anddehydration drying.
 22. a surfactant composition consisting of (1) 8 to12 parts of colloid aluminum silica gel which has characteristics ofboth silica and alumina, being void of any chemical bond to formpolymers by reacting with other molecules in an ecosystem, having acapacity of metal substitution of zeolite at a low temperature, andcontaining evenly purified colloid aluminum silica gel having theparticle size within a range of from several nm to several μm ofdiameter; (2) 5 to 8 parts of alkanol amide condensate obtained from areaction of 12-hydroxy-cis-9-octadecanoic acid, alkanol amine and water;(3) 3 to 3.5 parts of nonionic surfactant of iso octylphenoxy polyoxyethylene ethanol, a kind of ester of polyhydric alcohol and fatty acidshaving a formula of (CH₃)₃CCH₂C(CH₃)₂C₆H₄O(OC₂H₄O)₇(C₂H₄OH); (4) 2 to2.3 parts of nonionic surfactant of p-tert-octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol having a formula of (CH₃)₃CCH₂C(CH₂)₃C₆H₄O(CH₂CH₂O)_(X)H; (5)2.2 to 3 parts of phycocolloid, one of botanical polysaccharides, havinga chemical formula of (C₆H₁₂O₆)n and D(+) mannose as a main componentpossesses more than 9 glycosidic linkage; and (6) 70.90 to 79.30 partsof distilled water.
 23. The surfactant composition according to claim22, wherein it comprises 0.5 to 0.8 parts of electro depositphotocatalyst.
 24. The surfactant composition according to claim 23,wherein the electro deposit photocatalyst is selected from a groupconsisting cadmium chloride having a formula, Cd(ClO₄)₂26H₂O,tetrahydrofuran as cyclic ether, and cadmium sulfide colloid activesieve that is prepared by mixing a long ring-chain alkanethiol withsulfured hydrogen and dehydration drying.
 25. The surfactant compositionaccording to claim 22, wherein the final mixture of said surfactant isdehydrated in a range of 5 to 7 wt %.
 26. The surfactant compositionaccording to claim 23, wherein the final mixture of said surfactant isdehydrated in a range of 5 to 7 wt %.
 27. The surfactant compositionaccording to claim 24, wherein the final mixture of said surfactant isdehydrated in a range of 5 to 7 wt %.
 28. A method for using thecomposition according to any one of claims 22 to 27, comprising removingoil or grease; regenerating land polluted by hydrocarbon compounds;suppressing or removing red tide; cleansing a ship, airplane orautomobile; decomposing a serum or hemoglobin; cleansing a fisherboatequipment or fishing net; catching light water ions; decomposingdextrine (starch), protein or denatured forms of the same; deinkingtreatment of waste prints; scouring textile, pulp, or wool; removingbacteria or mold; removing odor; cleansing equipment associated withwater and vapor circulation; ultrasonic cleansing of iron or nonferrousmetals; washing fabrics or furs; washing glasses or ceramics; bathingfur animals; collecting dust; pressure cleaning; or removing nicotine.29. Cement added with the surfactant composition according to any one ofclaims 22 to
 27. 30. Cleansing solvent emulsifier comprising thesurfactant composition according to any one of claims 22 to 27, waterand table adopting agent or diesel materials.
 31. Cutting oil orlubricant oil containing the surfactant composition according to any oneof claims 22 to
 27. 32. Use of the surfactant composition according toany one of claims 22 to 27 as surface cleansing agent in food processingarea.
 33. Use of the surfactant composition according to any one ofclaims 22 to 27 to wash modified water-soluble contaminant, neutral fatcontaminant and/or free fatty acid contaminant.
 34. Use of thesurfactant composition according to any one of claims 22 to 27 to washnylon, cotton or wool.